A STUDY ON THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE DEFENSIVE PERSONALITY SCALE
Journal Name:
- The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies
Keywords (Original Language):
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Abstract (2. Language):
This study was planned to test the validity and reliability of the “defensive
personality scale” aiming to research the “defensive personality patterns” in the
sample selected by the researcher. First the items were formed, and then seven
experts in the field were consulted, and finally the 50 item “defensive personality
scale” was developed in the light of the suggestions made.
The scale comprises items that aim to measure 25 defensive and 25 nondefensive
behaviors. Next, a pilot study was conducted on 100 students in the
Cyprus International University; some items were reorganized in the light of the
feedback received. The final draft of the scale was administered to 255 students
aged between 19-23 who were studying in the Department of Guidance and
Psychological Counseling, the Department of Pre-school Teaching and the
Department of Teaching Mentally Handicapped in the Cyprus International
University. Items of the scale were classified under four factors during the process of
factor analysis, factor 1: facing reality or not, factor 2: self judgment regarding self
disclosure, factor 3: acting out and masking behaviors, and factor 4:
“compensating” defensive behavior in the face of reality.
As a result of the statistical factor analysis, factor loads were found, item
subtitle correlations, upper lower t values, total item correlations, eigen values,
variance percentages, Alpha Cronbach reliability coefficient was calculated. As a
result, the rather high factor loads indicated that the items were able to
distinguish between highly defensive and non defensive behaviors
During factor analysis, the criterion was to include factors bigger than 1.00,
which is, items whose factor loads were bigger than .4. In total the variance
number disclosed was 56.17%.
1. The Cronbach Alpha quotient of the factor .71, factor loads were
between .80-.57,
2. The Cronbach Alpha quotient of the factor.69, factor loads were
between .80-.61,
3. The Cronbach Alpha quotient of the factor .63, factor loads were
between .72-.64,
4. The Cronbach Alpha quotient of the factor.56, factor loads were
between .84-.76.
Item subtitle correlations of the scale were .72.65 for item 1; .80-.66 for item
2; .80-.66 for item 3 and .84-.82 for item 4.
While the Eigen values were 3.34 for factor 1, 1.98 for factor 2, 1.43 for
factor 3,1.09 for factor 4, they were 23.90, 14.1, 10.24, and 7.84 respectively for
factors whose disclosed variance percentage was between 1-4.
Furthermore, as seen in table 3, the total percentage correlations of the 1st
and the 2nd factors were .83, the total percentage correlations of the 3rd and the 2nd
were .58, the total percentage correlations of the 4th and the 3rd .61, the total
percentage correlations of the 4th factor were .29, and was observed to be
significant at the p=.05 level.
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Abstract (Original Language):
Bu çalışma; yine bu makalenin yazarınca oluşturulan, kişilerdeki
“savunucu davranış örüntülerini” araştırmaya yönelik, “savunucu kişilik
ölçeğinin” geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışma
sürecinde, önce ölçek maddeleri oluşturulmuş, 7 kişilik uzman görüşlerine
başvurulmuş ve görüşlerin ışığında maddeler yeniden gözden geçirilerek 50
maddelik aday “savunucu kişilik ölçeği” geliştirilmiştir. Ölçek 25 savunucu ve 25
savunucu olmayan davranışları ölçmeyi amaçlayan maddelerden oluşmuştur. Sonraki süreçte 100 Uluslurarası Kıbrıs Üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerinde
ön deneme uygulanmış, geri bildirimler ışığında kimi maddeler yeniden
düzenlenmiştir. Ölçeğin son durumu, Uluslararası Kıbrıs Üniversitesinin
Rehberlik v Psikolojik danışmanlık, Okul Öncesi Öğretmenliği, ve Zihinsel
Engelliler Eğitimi ana bilim dalında öğrenim görmekte olan yaşları 19-23 yaşları
arası 255 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır.
Yapılan faktör analizi sürecinde ölçek maddeleri dört faktörlü olarak
sınıflandırılmıştır. 1. faktör, kişinin gerçekle yüzleşip yüzleşmemesini, 2. faktör,
kendini açma davranışıyla ilgili yargıları, 3 faktör, kişinin rol yapma ve maske
takma davranışını 4. faktör ise kişinin gerçekler karşısında “ödünleyici”
savunmacı davranışını ölçmeyi amaçlayan maddelerdir.
Yapılan istatistiksel faktör analizleri sonucunda; faktör yükleri bulunmuş,
madde alt ölçek ilgileşimleri, alt-üst grup t değerleri, madde toplam ilgileşimleri,
öz değerleri, açıklanan varyans yüzdeleri, alfa croanbach güvenirlik katsayıları
hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak faktör yüklerinin oldukça yüksek çıkması,
maddelerin yüksek savunucu davranış örüntülerine sahip olanlarla, olmayanları
birbirinden ayırtedebilecek ölçme yeterliliğinde olduğunu göstermiştir.
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