We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

The concept of feedback is key in assessing whether a perturbation to a system is amplified
or damped by mechanisms internal to the system. In polar regions, climate dynamics are …

Equilibrium climate sensitivity characterizes the Earth's long-term global temperature
response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. It has reached almost iconic status …

Abstract The Southern Ocean has shown little warming over recent decades, in stark
contrast to the rapid warming observed in the Arctic. Along the northern flank of the Antarctic …

Membrane processes have been becoming a promising approach for effective CO2
separation due to their inherent merits such as a small footprint, modifiable separation …

Abstract The Alfred Wegener Institute Climate Model (AWI‐CM) participates for the first time
in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), CMIP6. The sea ice‐ocean …

The observed trend in Earth's energy imbalance (TEEI), a measure of the acceleration of
heat uptake by the planet, is a fundamental indicator of perturbations to climate. Satellite …

Estimates of the anthropogenic effective radiative forcing (ERF) trend have increased by
50% since 2000 (from+ 0.4 W m− 2 decade− 1 in 2000–09 to+ 0.6 W m− 2 decade− 1 in …

Rubbery CO2-philic membranes are a promising strategy for both carbon capture and
hydrogen purification to meet the increasing demands of low-carbon technology owing to …

The Budyko framework consists of a curvilinear relationship between the evaporative ratio
(ie, actual evaporation over precipitation) and the aridity index (ie, potential evaporation over …