Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Influence of Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil

Nutrients and Yield of Cotton
Dr. Kamrul Hassan Dr. Sima Kundu Dr. Md. Fakre Alam Ibne Tabib
Deputy Director Project Director Executive Director
Cotton Development Board Cotton Development Board Cotton Development Board
Jashore, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract:- The study was conducted to evaluate the there are problems with high frequency of chemical
performance of organic fertilizers on cotton yield and fertilizer application and less use of organic fertilizers
soil nutrients at Cotton Research Farm of Cotton (Chen et al., 2017). Organic fertilizer is the source of soil
Development Board located at Jagodishpur, organic carbon and soil organic carbon is an important
Chawgacha, Jashore during the crop growing season of indicator of soil health, particularly impacts on soil fertility
2021 and 2022 using the seeds of genotype CB Hybrid-1 for crops, because it has several benefits: improving soil
planted in a spacing of 90 × 35 cm. The experiment was structure through soil particle aggregation enabling better
laid out in a RCBD design with three replications. The root access, increased water infiltration and retention,
experimental treatments were consisted of different increased nutrient bioavailability due to soil organic matter
doses of cow dung and processed organic fertilizers of decomposition and more exchange sites for mineral
three different sources (a, b and c). The treatments nutrients increasing the soil’s cation exchange capacity.
were: T1 = control (zero fertilizer), T2 = 10.526 t ha-1 of Many studies have shown that applying organic fertilizers
cow dung, T3 = 3.571 t ha-1 of processed organic to the soil surface can provide a rich food source for
fertilizer (a), T4 = 4.225 t ha-1 of processed organic microorganisms and significantly increase microbial
fertilizer (b), T5 = 5.0 t ha-1 of processed organic community composition and diversity compared to no
fertilizer (c), T6 = ½ cow dung + ½ recommended application (Chang et al., 2007; Diacono and Montemurro,
fertilizer dose (RFD) of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Mg, T7 = 2010).
½ (a) + ½ RFD of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Mg, T8 = ½ (b) +
½ RFD of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Mg and T9 = ½ (c) + ½ Mineral fertilizers, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus
RFD of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Mg. The trend of nutrients and potassium (NPK), are widely used in intensive arable
was smaller but increase was observed. The highest farming, but at present organic fertilizers are not common
increase of total OM, total N, P, K, S, Zn and B were in Bangladesh. Furthermore, crop straw is removed from
7.89%, 10.0%, 8.27%, 9.09%, 9.0%, 8.81%, 8.33% agricultural farms and cow dung is burned as homestead
respectively and those were recorded in T5, T2, T6, T3, fuel. Chemical fertilizers are widely used in agricultural
T7, T7 and T5 treatments respectively in the end of production practices. The use of large amounts of chemical
second year. The results indicated that the half amount fertilizers has a series of harmful ecological and
of organic fertilizer (b) along with ½ RFD (T8) produced environmental impacts, such as soil acidification, soil
the maximum seed cotton (2.49 t/ha) in 2021. But sole compaction, and soil fertility degradation, which severely
organic fertilizer at the rate of 4.225 t ha-1 (source- b) restrict the sustainable development of green agriculture
produced maximum seed cotton (2.51 t/ha) in 2022. (Chen et al., 2017 and Gosal et al., 2018).
Amendment of sole cow dung gave maximum BCR of
2.34 and 2.69 in 2021 and 2022 respectively. The Cotton, an important fiber crop, is cultivated widely in
treatments T3, T6, T7 and T8 might be the optimum tropical and sub-tropical regions, which play an important
treatment on the basis of BCR. Application of organic role in the national economy of Bangladesh. It occupies
fertilizer with inorganic offers higher yield of seed about 50,000 hectares of the cultivated land of the country.
cotton and economic returns with an increase of soil The farmers are generally subsistence small holders with
nutrients. poor knowledge of fertilizer management (FAO, 2015).
Now a days, most of the farmers in Bangladesh use high
Keywords:- Amendment, Fertilizer, Increase, Nutrient, yielding varieties and consequently it requires more
Organic. fertilizer application. Although farmers are willing to use
more N fertilizer for a better crop yield. The lower yield of
I. INTRODUCTION cotton with association of inorganic fertilizers is one of the
challenge for farmers. A very few farmers are using
Application of organic and inorganic fertilizers different processed organic fertilizers as the substitute of
increase the accumulation of C, N, and P in the soil and cow dung or farmyard manure along with inorganic
improve the soil’s ability to supply nutrients to crops (Ma fertilizers in cotton cultivation. Organic fertilizers or
et al., 2009). Fertilizers are used to increase soil fertility manures release nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and other
and it contribute a lot in food production and food security nutrient elements to the soil. In cotton nitrogen encourages
(Choudhary et al., 2021 and Wang et al., 2021). However, vegetative growth and boll setting by increasing sympodial

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
branches and boll weight. But nitrogen can be reduced S, B, Zn and Mg, T7 = 1/2 (a) + 1/2 RFD of N, P, K, S, B,
yield and quality of cotton to have excess nitrogen in late Zn and Mg, T8 = 1/2 (b) + 1/2 RFD of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and
reproductive stage (Luo et al., 2018). Therefore, rationally Mg and T9 = 1/2 (c) + 1/2 RFD of N, P, K, S, B, Zn and
balancing organic and chemical fertilizer input and Mg. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD design with
enhancing crop yields and soil sustainability are the targets three replications. RFD is the recommended fertilizer dose
that need to be focused urgently in current cotton at the rate of 60 (reduced), 75, 205 , 25, 2, 3.3 and 1.8 kg N,
cultivation practices. The effect of organic fertilizers on P, K, S, B, Zn and Mg ha-1 respectively in the form of Urea,
cotton yield and soil nutrient has not been studied TSP, MoP, Gypsum, Borax, Zinc sulfate and Magnesium
extensively. The aim of this experiment was to investigate sulfate. The seeds of cotton genotype CB Hybrid-1 were
the effects of applying different organic fertilizers on cotton sown maintaining a spacing of 90 cm x 35 cm. All other
yield and soil nutrient. required cultural operations regarding weeding and plant
protection measures were adopted uniformly in all the plots
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS throughout the growing periods. Irrigation was done on first
week of November and last week of November. Soil
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield samples were collected initially in 2021 and in the end of
contributing parameters of cotton and soil nutrients as seed cotton harvest in 2022 to analyze nutrient status of the
affected by organic fertilizers during 2021 and 2022 at soil. Organic carbon in the soil sample was determined by
Cotton Research, Training and Seed Multiplication Farm, wet oxidation method of Walkley and Black (1965). Total
Jagodishpur, Chowgacha, Jashore. The experimental site N content of soil was determined following Kjeldahl
was gangetic alluvium soil with sandy loam textured. A method as outlined by Jackson (1973). Available P content
description of air temperature and rainfall is presented in of soil was extracted from the soil with 0.5M NaHCO3
Table 1. The monthly mean maximum temperature of 34 0C solution at pH 8.5 (Olsen et al., 1954). The P in the extract
was recorded in the month of July and the monthly mean was then determined by developing blue color measuring
minimum temperature of 16.7 0C was found in the month of the color by spectrophotometer at 660 nm wave length. K
December in the crop growing season 2021. The monthly was determined from the extract (extraction with 1M
mean maximum temperature of 35.6 0C was recorded in the ammonium acetate) using a flame photometer (Black,
month of August and the monthly mean minimum 1965). The S content in the extract (extracting soil sample
temperature of 15.0 0C was found in the month of with 0.15% CaCl2 solution as described by Page et al.,1982
December in the crop growing season 2022. The crop and S was determined turbidimeterically, the turbid was
received total rain fall of 1151 mm in 2021 and 561 mm in measured by a spectrophotometer. The available B content
2022. Cow dung and processed organic fertilizers were of soil was extracted by hot water and extractable B was
used in the study. The sources of processed organic determined by azomethene-H method. The absorbance of B
fertilizers were a) Soil Tech Agro Organic Fertilizer; b) was measured at 420 nm on a spectrophotometer and
NAAFCO (Pvt.) Limited and c) Advanced Chemical calculated by using a standard curve (Petersen, 1999). Data
Industries (Ltd.). The experiment comprised of nine on total biomass (not presented) and yield contributing
treatments: T1 = 0.0 kg ha-1 organic and inorganic fertilizer parameters were recorded during seed cotton harvest. Data
(control), T2 = 10.526 t ha-1 cow dung (N = 60 kg ha-1), T3 = for the studied characters were statistically analyzed.
3.571 t ha-1 processed (a) organic fertilizer (N = 60 kg ha-1), Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was used to
T4 = 4.225 t ha-1 processed (b) organic fertilizer (N = 60 kg determine the significant differences at 5% level of
ha-1), T5 = 5.0 t ha-1 processed (c) organic fertilizer (N = 60 significance.
kg ha-1), T6 = 5.263 t ha-1 cow dung + 1/2 RFD of N, P, K,

Table 1: Air temperature and rainfall data during crop growing season 2021 and 2022
Month Minimum mean temperature (0C) Maximum mean temperature (0C) Rainfall (mm)
2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
July 26.8 26.6 34.0 35.0 269 74
August 27.0 26.8 33.6 35.6 247 215
September 26.3 26.8 32.6 34.2 287 162
October 26.0 27.4 33.4 33.7 151 110
November 17.7 17.4 29.6 30.2 38 -
December 16.7 15.0 25.6 26.4 159 -
Source: Bangladesh Metrological Department

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS treatment (T1) organic matter (OM) was not changed. OM
was increased highest of 7.89 % in T5 treatment over the
The effect of different organic fertilizers on soil baseline year. The initial total N was recorded highest of
nutrient was determined. The nutrient status of the 0.071% in T7 treatment and the highest increase of total N
experimental plots in the baseline year 2021 (initial) and in of 10% was recorded in T2 treatment in the end of second
the end of crop growing season 2022 are presented in Table year. The trend of available P was found increased with the
2. The nutrient elements of the studied plots were found highest increase of 8.27% over the baseline year in T 6
similar in the baseline year 2021 and in 2022. In the control treatment and the highest average of P was 11.42 µg/g soil

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
in T9 treatment. K was determined highest of 2.29 Performance of yield traits of cotton: Yield
m.e./100g soil in T6 treatment in the baseline year and in contributing characters of cotton have been evaluated in
2022. K was decreased in the control treatment in 2022 and this experiment during 2021 and 2022. Mean squares of
the increase was determined highest of 9.09% over the yield traits of cotton under different organic fertilizers are
baseline year in T3. The available S was observed highest presented in Table 3. The parameters viz. number of bolls
of 17.55 µg/g soil in T6 and T9 treatment in the baseline palnt-1 and yield were highly significant, but single boll
year and the highest increase of 9% was observed in T 7 weight found insignificant among treatments in 2021. The
treatment in the end of second year. The available Zn of results also shows that the number of bolls palnt-1, single
2.45 µg/g soil was similar in the baseline year and in 2022 boll weight and yield were highly significant among
in control treatment and it was increased highest of 8.81% treatments in 2022.
in T7. The available B was decreased in T1 and T7 treatment
and the highest increase of 8.33% was found in T5 over the
base line year. Similar benefit of using manures in the soil
are reported by Cathy et al., 2019.

Table 2: Effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil nutrient

Amount of soil nutrient elements under different treatments
Season
Nutrient T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
initial 0.64 0.54 0.64 0.53 0.38 0.88 1.02 1.16 0.56
OM (%) 2022 0.64 0.58 0.68 0.55 0.41 0.9 1.06 1.15 0.59
increase
0.00% 7.41% 6.25% 3.77% 7.89% 2.27% 3.92% -0.86% 5.36%
(%)
average 0.64 0.56 0.66 0.54 0.395 0.89 1.04 1.155 0.575
initial 0.037 0.03 0.037 0.035 0.022 0.052 0.071 0.052 0.057
2022 0.03 0.033 0.039 0.038 0.021 0.054 0.073 0.054 0.057
Total N
(%) increase
-18.92% 10.00% 5.41% 8.57% -4.55% 3.85% 2.82% 3.85% 0.00%
(%)
average 0.0335 0.0315 0.038 0.0365 0.0215 0.053 0.072 0.053 0.057
initial 7.63 7.63 7.29 8.45 10.34 10.16 8.86 7.55 11.32
2022 7.29 8.01 7.61 8.69 10.75 11 9.01 7.86 11.52
P (µg/g)
increase
-4.46% 4.98% 4.39% 2.84% 3.97% 8.27% 1.69% 4.11% 1.77%
(%)
average 7.46 7.82 7.45 8.57 10.545 10.58 8.935 7.705 11.42
initial 0.27 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.24 0.23 0.26
K 2022 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.28 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.28
(m.e./100g) increase
-7.41% 4.55% 9.09% 0.00% 3.70% 0.00% 8.33% 4.35% 7.69%
(%)
average 0.26 0.225 0.23 0.24 0.275 0.29 0.25 0.235 0.27
initial 16 15.95 15 15.95 14.15 17.55 17 15.5 17.55
2022 15.7 16 16 17.05 15.35 19 18.53 16.31 18.95
S (µg/g)
increase
-1.88% 0.31% 6.67% 6.90% 8.48% 8.26% 9.00% 5.23% 7.98%
(%)
average 15.85 15.975 15.5 16.5 14.75 18.275 17.765 15.905 18.25
initial 2.45 2.88 2.89 2.23 3.45 3.45 2.27 2.65 3.21
Zn (µg/g) 2022 2.45 2.91 2.95 2.35 3.51 3.51 2.47 2.88 3.39
increase
0.00% 1.04% 2.08% 5.38% 1.74% 1.74% 8.81% 8.68% 5.61%
(%)
average 2.45 2.895 2.92 2.29 3.48 3.48 2.3 2.765 3.3
initial 0.94 0.86 0.87 0.93 0.72 1.28 1.25 0.95 0.89
2022 0.91 0.91 0.9 0.98 0.78 1.32 1.22 1.02 0.93
B (µg/g)
increase
-3.19% 5.81% 3.45% 5.38% 8.33% 3.13% -2.40% 7.37% 4.49%
(%)
average 0.925 0.885 0.885 0.955 0.75 1.3 1.235 0.985 0.91

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Results in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 showed that the number of highest in T4 (22.1) treatment (amendment by processed
bolls plant-1 was increased over control treatments due to organic fertilizer, b). While the highest number of boll per
application of fertilizers in 2021 and 2022. The T8 treatment plant was recorded from 70% inorganic N with 30% N
produced the highest number of bolls plant-1 (20.8) which from poultry manure by Islam et al. (2014) and from
was statistically similar with those observed in treatments amendment of FYM @ 5t/ha with RFD by Sathya et al.
T4, T6, T7 and T9 in 2021. But in 2022, the highest number (2022) which was consistent with our results. Data
of bolls plant-1 of 23.5 was observed in the treatment T4 presented in Fig. 1 also indicated that the highest boll
which was statistically different from all other treatments. weight of 4.76 g was found in the treatment T6 followed by
The second highest bolls were produced in T9 which was T7. On the other hand, the lowest boll weight of 4.19 g was
statistically similar with those treatments observed in T6, T7 in the treatment T1 in 2021. But the T3 treatment produced
and T8. The average boll of 2021 and 2022 was found the highest weight (4.98) of a single boll in 2022.

Table 3: Mean square values of different agronomic and yield parameters of cotton under different organic fertilizer treatment at
Jagodishpur during 20221 and 2022
Year Source df No. of bolls plant-1 Single boll weight Yield
2021 Replication 2 45.704 0.143 269520
Treatment 8 43.021** 0.057NS 822430**
Error 16 8.802 0.042 89893
2022 Replication 2 1.400 0.038 23374
Treatment 8 64.746** 0.120** 844562**
Error 16 1.012 0.024 92066
** = significant at p ≤ 0.01; * = significant at p ≤ 0.05, NS = Not significant at p ≤ 0.05

Cotton yield is a complex character which depends on in terms of seed cotton yield and T8 yielded 39% higher
several individual traits such as no. of bolls plant -1, single over control treatment in 2021. The results of 2022
boll weight, plant height etc. The higher boll weight and indicated that after amendment of soil, seed cotton yield
boll numbers are considered to be the indication of higher was increased in most of the treatments. The highest yield
seed cotton yield. In our experiment seed cotton yield was increased of 15.23% was recorded in T2 treatment and the
significantly (p < 0.01) varied among treatments and it second highest increased of 12.62% in T5 treatment over the
ranged from 1.04 to 2.49 t ha-1 in 2021 and 1.0 to 2.51 t ha-1 yield of 2021 at the end of 2022 and the yield was
in 2022. The highest yield of 2.49 was observed in the decreased (3.85%) in the control treatment (Fig. 3). The
treatment T8 in 2021 (Fig. 1) and 2.51 t ha-1 in T4 in the treatments were ranked in the order of T4 > T8 > T5 > T9 >
crop growing season 2022 (Fig. 2). The treatments may be T2 > T7 > T3 > T6 > T1 based on seed cotton yield in 2022.
ranked in order of T8 > T4 > T3 = T7 > T9 > T5 > T6 > T2 > T1

Fig. 1: Effect of organic fertilizers yield attributes of cotton in 2021

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig. 2: Effect of organic fertilizers on yield attributes of cotton in 2022

Fig. 3: Change in yield (%) as influenced by organic fertilizers in 22022

In previous results by Sathya et al. (2022), Tagaev et IV. ECONOMICS

al. (2022) and Niu et al. (2021) were consistent with our
results that application of organic fertilizers with inorganic The maximum gross return of cotton production was
fertilizers increased seed cotton yield. Application of from T4 treatment (Tk. 238450/-) followed by from T1
optimum N improves various physiological and metabolic (Tk.95000/-) in 2022 (Table 4). In 2021, the maximum
processes such as photosynthesis, carbon, and nitrogen gross return obtained from T8 (236550/-) and the lowest
metabolism, which is an important factor of high yield and from T1 (Tk.98800/-). The gross margin was obtained
high quality of cotton. Boquet and Breitenbeck (2000) also highest from T2 (Tk. 135723/-) followed by T8 (Tk.
concluded that the application of N fertilizer is one of the 128975/-) and the lowest from T1 (Tk. 36125/-) in 2022.
important means to increase cotton yield. Many studies The gross margin also fond maximum from T8 (128025/-)
have confirmed that a reasonable supply of N nutrition can in 2021. The maximum benefit cost ratio was found in T 2
increase the dry matter and growth rate of cotton at all (2.69) season 2021, the BCR was highest in T 2 (2.34) and
stages (Xue et al., 2006). In our study N was applied @ 60 lowest was in T5 treatment (1.46). The treatments T3, T6, T7
kg/ha (from sole organic fertilizer) and yield was found and T8 also shows the optimum BCR (> 2.0).
increased over control.

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Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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V. CONCLUSION end of second year, the highest increase of total OM, total
N, P, K, S, Zn and B were 7.89%, 10.0%, 8.27%, 9.09%,
Application of organic fertilizers in different doses 9.0%, 8.81%, 8.33% recorded respectively and those
and application with chemical fertilizers had a contribution increases of elements observed in T5, T2, T6, T3, T7, T7 and
to increase soil nutrients and seed cotton yield. The trend of T5 treatments respectively. The half amount
nutrients were similar but an increase was observed. In the

Table 4: Benefit cost analysis of cotton production with the application of organic fertilizer in 2021 and 2002.
Treatment Gross Cost of Total cost of Gross Benefit-
yield
Season return treatment cultivation margin cost ratio
(t/ha)
(Tk. ha-1) (Tk./ha) (Tk. /ha) (Tk./ha) (BCR)
2021 1.04 98800 0 39925 1.68
T1 2022 1 95000 58875 36125 1.61
2021 1.97 187150 107163 2.34
T2 2022 2.27 215650 21052 79927 135723 2.69
2021 2.19 208050 104537 2.01
T3 2022 2.19 208050 44638 103513 104537 2.01
2021 2.47 234650 108175 1.86
T4 2022 2.51 238450 67600 126475 111975 1.89
2021 2.06 195700 61825 1.46
T5 2022 2.32 220400 75000 133875 86525 1.65
2021 2.03 192850 107599 2.26
T6 2022 2.08 197600 26376 85251 112349 2.32
2021 2.19 208050 111006 2.14
T7 2022 2.22 210900 38169 97044 113865 2.17
2021 2.49 236550 128025 2.18
T8 2022 2.5 237500 49650 108525 128975 2.19
2021 2.13 202350 90125 1.8
T9 2022 2.28 216600 53350 112225 104375 1.93

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