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THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Communicating science
Experience from
a research institute for public health
Paola De Castro
Director of the Pubishing Unit
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
European Association of Science Editors (EASE )
1
2THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
FOCUS
appreciate differentiation
strive for academic excellence
provide insights for practice
AIM: inspire “evidence based” collaboration
The added value
of a multidisciplinary approach
to open science
addressing innovation
in a global dimension
Main topics
3THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Background information
Publications as a way to study the language of science
Responsibilities in communicating science
Training scientists in scientific communication
Editorial standards and guidelines
Some ISS collaborative projects fostering the translation and
dissemination of scientific contents to different targets
4THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ
National Institute of Health in Italy
Mission:
Research for public health
Research, advice, control,
training, documentation
in PUBLIC HEALTH
diseases, environment,
drugs, food safety,
health technologies,
life styles, epidemiology
Established
in 1934
5THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Fight against malaria
DDT on Pontina swamp,
1946
Penicillina Factory , 1952
6
For 15 years it was the only governmental production plant
producing low-cost antibiotics
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
7THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
A story of Nobel Prize winners…
D. Bovet E.B. Chain
E. Fermi R. Levi-Montalcini
8THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ
as an editor of scientific publications
Editorial work has a fundamental role in a research institute
and allows to study and shape the language of science
The ISS official journal started in 1938,
since 2000 is online as all ISS publications
Publications as a way to study
the language of science
9THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Hints from experience at the Publishing Unit of
the National Institute of Health in Italy
Different ways of translating scientific contents
10THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Publishing Unit at the Italian NIH
Activities
Publications
Digital archive
Research projects
Cooperation
Training
Exhibitions
How many publications ISS today?
11
900 researchers (tot staff 2000)
about 1800 publications per year
83 82
73
65
62
58
46
14
10
7
5 4 3 3 2 1
54
145
53
46
103
31 32
8
21
23
2 1
6
3
44
10
106
67
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
MIPI CNE BCN FARM AMPP TES SPVSA EOMM CRIVIB CSC CNMR CNAIDS CNT SBGSA CNS SIDBAE URE
Non Indicizzate
Indicizzate
Non Indicizzate
Indicizzate
30% ISS series
Annual report ISS 2013
60% in English
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
ISS as contributor and publisher
of scientific literature
 Conventional biomedical (journals) and grey literature
 ISS conventional journals and grey production
12THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
The Publishing Unit has a privileged position to
Observe trends in scientific language (OA, publication metrics)
Play a “Regulatory role” in setting rules through “instructions to authors”
and control on the editorial process
Become aware of information needs at different levels from the inside
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Rendiconti, now Annali
13
1938-1941
1941-1965
1965-2005
2006, 2011, IF
13
2013- 2014
Indexed in
ISI, MEDLINE, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica,
CHEMABS, PASCAL, SciELO
Peer reviewed science
journal in English
14
Grey literature
Rapporti ISTISAN
All information that
could not be
published in
conventional
journals, due to
extention and detail.
Since 1977 they publish
research activity, data,
proceedings, technical
specifications
Now, divided in 5
research areas
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
2001
1988 1996
2003 2004 2005-
1990
Notiziario dell’ISS
15
Monthly bulletin
on current research,
includes the National
Epidemiological Bulletin
Started in 1987,
online since 1996
16
Established in 1985, they publish the
abstracts of congerence
communications and posters
organized by ISS.
Printed and online available befroe
the Conference
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Grey literature
ISTISAN Congressi
17
Publications addressed to schools
Since 2001
They publish updated information on health
issues of general interest for schools
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
18
Leaflets
General information on ISS
and its activity
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Historical videos
19
Interviews to recover pieces of our
history through oral memories of old
or retired staff
From the glass blower, to the
carpenter, to reserchers who worked
in environmental disasters, to those
who worked with the Nobel
laureates...
Transcripts are available
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
20
Heritage publications
I beni storico-scientifici
dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Since 2005, to safeguarde, preserve and
study the ISS heritage in different stages
of its development
From the history of the Laboratory of
Therapeutical chemistry (Directed by Prof.
Daniel Bovet (1947-1964), to the
description of scientific instruments, the
history of electronic microscopy (1942-
1992), the laboratory of malariology, the
collection of rare books, proceedings of
historical conferences, history of curare,
the role of oral memories...
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
21THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
100 year birthday
of Rita Levi Montalcini
(April 2009)
Original interviews
as a gift for a special birthday
Publications
produced for special events
22THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Narrative medicine
Experience in Narrative Medicine and Rare Diseases (CNRM)
Narrative medicine (medical humanities) is a medical approach
that recognizes the value of people’s narrative
in clinical practice, research and education
23THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
The Flight of Pegasus is a prize started in 2008 by
National Centre of Rare Diseases at ISS. It is addressed to patients,
their families and friends, no age limit, to
• Provide space for expression and visibility for people with rare diseases,
through artistic and literary channels (stories, drawings, paintings, pictures)
• Raise awareness for rare diseases, not only with a view to suffering, but
also to human dignity to promote active citizenship.
Why Pegasus? Pegasus is the winged horse, symbol of wisdom,
representing the strength to hover off the ground and make a journey into the unknown.
The journey that many rare disease patients and their families make every day.
Posters & exhibitions
for the general public
24THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Science Pic Nic
Warsaw, May 2014
Games to involve the
general public on the
importance of corrert
life styles
Diet,
Physical excercise,
Etc.
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
25
It is a responsiblitity that must be
recognised and undertaken
with the same commitment and professionality
as for all the other science-related activities
Responsibility
of science communication
For all people working in Research and Development
Information transfer is an ESSENTIAL part of their work
Levels of responsibility
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
26
 Progress is always based on previous work
 Peers need to be informed
 Patients need to be informed
 All stakeholders (policy makers, general public) need to be informed and
become aware of the value of scientific research
 Health is a common good
 We live in a “global” world
 Health information should be available for all (OA)
27
 represent the dynamic memory of science (started in 1660)
 rely on a consolidated know-how and editorial structure
 guarantee quality control, dissemination, indexing and impact
evaluation of published articles.
Despite the changes introduced by the Internet in communication,
scientific journals still represent the most widely recognized means
for communicating research results of among peers.
Role of scientific journals
Scientific journals:
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
28
Journals (and books)
change their shape
• Blogs
• Discussion lists
• Wikis
• Online answers
• Social networks
• Collective conversations
All this deeply affects scientific communication
New ways are developed
TODAY INTERNET
allows new ways of communication
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
INTERNET adds complexities to the editorial process
and at the same time it makes it faster and accessible
to different stakeholders
Ronald La Port. BMJ 1995, 2002
Death or metamorphosis
of scientific journals?
Searching new balance among
different interests
29
30
Information dissemination including both
publication and data is strictly associated with
research activity in the process of creating knowledge on
the basis of existing knowledge.
OPEN ACCESS
Researchers and health operators must assume such
responsibility as part of their commitment (social implication)
Open access to research information and data is therefore
a moral imperative and is recognised as such by many
research performing and funding institutions
(NIH, Wellcom trust, European Commission (H2020), ERC, OCSE, etc.)
SPARC Workshop at EAHIL ● Rome, 10 June 2014
31
Global health has no borders
Access to health information
is critically important for all human beings,
it often makes the difference between like and death,
and as such is an important component of human rights
Shocking data on child mortality
to reflect on the role of health information
Each year, around 9 million children
die from preventable and treatable illnesses
Health knowledge can often mean
the difference between life and death
The handbook produced by UNICEF, WHO,
UNESCO provides vital messages and
information for mothers, fathers, other family
members and caregivers and communities
Example
IMPACT OF INFORMATION
IN PUBLIC HEALTH
 Scientists (progress of science)
 Policy makers (regulations, fundings)
 General public (behavioural change)
Social value of knowledge,
Scientific communication as a civil commitment
Scientists, in their role of knowledge gatekeepers, should
play an active role in public discussions on science
Trust in scientists role • Spread knowledge
• Face challanges
HEALTH, INFORMATION, HUMAN RIGHTS
Universal Declaration
on Human rights, 1948, Article 25.
Everyone has the right to a standard
of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family
Definition of Health
World Health Organization, 1948
Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or
infirmity
Access to information
Is an essential component of human rights
Today people still die for lack of information
Open Access= equality in health
Right of
information
According to the International
Human Rights Law,
governments have the legal
obligation to ensure that all
citizens and health operators
have access to the appropriate
health information they need
to protect their health and the
health of the other people
NY Law School, 2012
36THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Ethical responsibilities
affecting all the actors of the editorial process
(authors, editors, reviewers, editorial staff) and beyond
- Authorship
- Integrity (falsification)
- Copyright (plagiarism)
- Privacy and confidentiality
- Conflicts of interest (bias)
- Freedom of information
Committee on Publication Ethics
37
Training scientists
to recognize
the most appropriate communication tool
according to targets and context
Main target of IS training activities:
health personnel in Italy and other countries in Europe, Latin America, Africa
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
38
 journal articles
 technical reports
 oral communications or posters
in conferences or workshops
 abstracts and proceedings
 social media
 etc.
researchers,
medical
& technical staff
patients, families, policy
makers, community health
workers, media, etc.
 oral communications
 leaflets, bookmarks, posters
 audiovisuals
 workshops, informal meetings
 e-health communication
 social media
 etc.
PEERS LAY PEOPLE
share research results, progress
in research, contribute to debate
change behaviour, improve life style,
access to therapy, increase retention
type
objective
target
Different targets, objectives & types
of scientific communication
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
NECOBELAC project
Paola De Castro, NECOBEALC project Coordinator
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
An example of sustainable activities
to promote scientific writing and OA publishing
in a wide geographical area
NECOBELAC project in brief
It is a European project (2009-2012)
“Science in Society” working in the field
of PUBLIC HEALTH
 improve scientific writing
 promote open access publishing models
 foster technical and scientific cooperation
between Europe and Latin America
www.necobelac.eu
Network of Collaboration Between
Europe & Latin American-Caribbean countries
It aims to:
All actors taking part in
scientific communication processTARGET
Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
NECOBELAC key points
This approach offers mutual benefits EU-LAC
and supports cultural change in production,
use and dissemination of health information
BI-DIRECTIONAL APPROACH
sharing experiences and initiatives
between Europe & Latin America within a common strategy
MAIN ACTIONS
1. Two level training activity
2. Innovative training tools
3. Networking & cooperation activity
interrelated
42THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
8 courses in EU and LAC
TRAINING REPLICATION
TRAINING COURSES FOR TRAINERS
T1
T2
TWO-LEVEL TRAINING ACTIVITY
(assisted and supported by
project partners)
8 Training for trainers (T1)
>45 Local training replications (T2)
Brazil Sao Paolo 2010
Italy Rome 2010
Colombia Bogotà 2010
Spain Madrid 2011
Argentina Buenos Aires 2011
Portugal Braga 2011
Mexico Guadalajara 2011
Ireland Dublin 2012
15 countries in the network
4 Europe + 11 Latin America
>200 institutions
Figures from NECOBELAC training
Lessons learnt: listen, be flexible,
provide support and teaching material
Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
Scientific publication
NECOBELAC topic maps
GL authors
and issuing
organizatio
nsshould
be aware
of the entire
information
life cycle
Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
NECOBELAC topic maps
Open access
Librarians,
authors,
editors,
publishers
and all
stakeholder
s should
be aware
of OA
challanges
and
opportuniti
es
Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
Open Access Journals
Introduction to Open Access
Open Access Repositories
Open Access Policies
NECOBELAC
model training program
OPEN ACCESS
OA publishing models represents
the greatest challenge for health
information dissemination
Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
Examples of diversity in NECOBELAC
local training initiatives
>50 training courses
in EU and LA
(8 courses for trainers)
Topic maps as
innovative training tools
> 200 institutions
in a network
Final results of the NECOBELAC project
12/26
Training in scientific writing
and open access publishing:
the NECOBELAC project
experience in Europe and
Latin America.
Quito, Ecuador,
Noviembre 2011
Abstract book
Italian/Spanish
Collaboration within NECOBELAC project network (still ongoing):
linking public health & information communication
Montevideo
Uruguay, March 2012
Examples of OA training and research for public health, including
Italy (ISS, IILA), Colombia (ISP), Ecuador (UTE), Uruguay
Italia, Argentina, 2010
Italia, UK, Cuba, 2011
Rare diseases
Paediatric pharmacology
AMBIENTE Y SALUD
ISEE - International Society of
Environmental Epidemiology, 2011
Quito
Ecuador, March2014
Bogotà
Colombia, February 2014
Ongoing projects
developed thanks to the existing networks and experience
• Research HIV/AIDS
• Training
clinical aspects, statistics
and communication
Asbestos
project
• Research on asbestos
• Dissemination of
information on asbestos
and related diseases
(Latin America)
CASA
Project
Cohort of African People Starting
Antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia
Training and dissemination
material in two languages
52THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Enhancing scientific research
results through the publication of
open access journal articles. A
suggested training program.
Scientific contents
Environmetal and Occupational
health
Mortality data, Health risks
+
Communication issues
Scientific writing
13/31
Contribution to training and prevention of asbestos
related diseases. In English and Spanish
53
Why communication skills are important
to reach CASA project objectives
Paola De Castro
S. A .C. A .
Basic training program
in scientific communication
Head of the Publishing Unit
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (Italy)
Mekelle University, 26 May 2014
54
Improve the quality of care of patients with HIV
and related co-infections in Tigray
CASA PROJECT OBJECTIVE
HOW?
communication, scientific writing, information searching, evaluation,
organization of workshops, strategic planning, presentations in meetings, etc.
Evidence based!!!
Research and training
statistics
clinical aspects
communication
55
National Institute of Health
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
TEACHING & LEARNING are strictly connected
ITALY
Mekelle University,
Tigray Health Bureau,
health facilities
ETHIOPIA
different
backgrounds
share knowledge
to improve quality of care of HIV infected patients
S. A .C. A .
56
57
Target groups of the training in communication
Physicians/
Researchers/
working in university
and hospitals
Health
workers
nurses,
health officers,
physicians,
case managers
Community
based
organizations
community health
workers, women
associations, patient
associations, etc.
1 2 3
Different
types of
translation
From one language to another language
From one culture to another culture
Form scientific/technical language to common language
58
LESSONS
on scientific communication
Target groups
Health workers
Community
based
organizations
Physicians,
researchers, case
managers
1. Communication skills: easy when you know how
x x x
2. The basic structure of a journal article x x
3. Citing the work of others x
4. Communication through social media x x
5. How to select the right journal to publish your article x x
6. Basic scientific knowledge on HIV/AIDS x x
7. Why networking is necessary . The train-the- trainer approach x x x
8. Strategic planning for community health workers: SMART objectives x x
9. Building your own strategy to work with HIV/AIDS patients & families x
10. Searching online medical information (basic) x x x
11. Information sources on HIV/AIDS (for health operators) x x
12. Information sources on HIV/AIDS (for patients and the general public) x x
Editorial standards and guidelines
have a direct impact
on the language of science
59THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Authors must comply with
instructions for authors
and refer to strict editorial guidelines
to get published
Instructions from over
6000 biomedical journals
First step before starting to
write the article and last step
before submission!
“Vancouver style”, a reference tool
for publication in medical journals
60THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Recommendations for
the conduct, reporting,
editing and publication
of scholarly work in
medical journals.
Started in 1978 to standardize
citations, now is a common
standard containing ethical
and technical considerations
61
And
The IMRAD structure
Introduction
Background information
State specific purpose of the study
Limit references
Do not include data or conclusions
Material and methods
Describe (patients, animals, etc.)
Define material and equipment
Illustrate procedures
Compare with other methods
Results
Show results in logical order
Point out only relevant data
Discussion and conclusions
Stress only new aspects
Do not repeat what was written in the methods
Avoid conclusions which are
not associated to reliable data
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
EQUATOR, a portal of guidelines for good
reporting of health sciences research
62THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Seminario Internacional Salud Ocupacional y ambiental - Quito, 22-24 Febrero 2014
Incluyen ejemplos
prácticos, incluso de
errores frecuentes en
la traducción
64THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS
65THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
In brief:
- have a good content to communicate
- be aware of rules and apply them
- have a strong motivation to do so
The language of science
Concise, simple, clear
Imagination
is more important
than knowledge
Einstein teaches
Texts should be complete
in each part
“
”
66
67
REVISION:
different levels of responsibility
• read instructions to authors
• read again after some time (one-two days)
• use check lists
A paper may be rejected by the editor, IF…
• it is not compliant with journal scope & formats
• it has poor English
Minor revisions
Major revisions
Revision improves quality & provides a learning opportunity
Authors! Take it seriously!
Be prepared to answer
all points raised by reviewers
4. TECHNICAL EDITING
after acceptance
Journal editorial staff
1. AUTHORS’ REVISION
before submission
2. INITIAL EDITORIAL REVIEW
after submission (before peer review)
3. PEER REVIEW
after submission
THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Other collaborative projects
fostering translation and dissemination of
scientific contents to different targets
 research projects
 science games
 Pilot ECDL Health
68
69THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
European Association
of Health Information and Libraries
E-BUG, a game
to empower students on
prudent use of antibiotics
(microbiology)
Seminario Internacional Salud Ocupacional y ambiental - Quito,
22-24 Febrero 2014
Create, translate and adapt
scientific contents in
different contexts
71THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
The heart of the ECDL Project
is a Syllabus summarising the basic
competences health professionals
should have to get the diploma ECDL
HealthDoc
Pilot ECDL HealthDoc
1 Sources of health information
2 Access to full-text information
3 Web information quality
4 Research evaluation
5 EBM documentation
6 Scientific writing
7 Health information for citizens and
patients
8 Web 2.0
Bioresource Research
Impact Factor
Example of a positive
collaboration between
scientists and journal editors
to establish a standardised
citation of bioresources in
order to be properly
evaluated.
7
2
BRIF
Vision
Greater gender balance in science and publishing practices for enhanced quality,
diversity and transparency, for science to remain at the forefront of innovation.
Mission:
To advance sex/gender reporting and gender balance
in editorial management on a global level, and across
disciplines.
EASE Gender Policy Committee
towards a common standard for gender policies in scientific reporting
Baseline: International Gender Survey
EASE GPC mission: To advance
sex/gender reporting and
gender balance in editorial
management on a global level,
and across disciplines
So what next?
 Expert Consultation (May 2014)
 Public Consultation (Split – June 2014)
 Revision of the Common Standards
 Publications and dissemination
 Advocate for its endorsement and implementation
 Monitoring
Join EASE and participate in
13th EASE Conference,
Strasbourg, 16-19 June 2016
“Scientific integrity: editors on the front line”
Herve Maisonneuve, past-president of EASE and local French organizer.
You are welcome to send proposals
76THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
http://www.ease.org.uk/
77THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Standardised Language
Certificate for Medical
Purposes (sTANDEM)
78THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
Health Tom Tom Workshop
Organized by Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy and Hacettepe University, Turkey
ECIL - Instanbul 2013
better use
information, improve
communication
share knowledge
develop life skills
to improve well-being
Show the benefits of a multisectorial approach
Researchers & librarians working together to improve health information literacy
79Health Tom Tom Workshop • ECIL • Istanbul, October 22-25, 2013
Definition provided by WHO, 1999
HEALTH LITERACY represents the cognitive and social skills
which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to:
Information literacy
& public health
HEALTH LITERACY (information & communication)
AS A MEANS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
By improving people’s access to health information
and their capacity to use it effectively,
health literacy is critical to empowerment.
information
• gain access to
• understand
• use
in ways which
promote and maintain good health
80THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
MEDITERRANEAN EDITORS
AND TRANSLATORS
translators
editors, revisors
and proofreaders
project managers
authors’ editors
oral and writing
coaches
language teachers
interpreters
scientific and
technical writers
writing instructors
researchers
Thank you
Paola De Castro
paola.decastro@iss.it
Questions?

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De castro cerlis. Communicating science: rules, formats and best practices. Experience from a research institute for public health.

  • 1. THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Communicating science Experience from a research institute for public health Paola De Castro Director of the Pubishing Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy European Association of Science Editors (EASE ) 1
  • 2. 2THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 FOCUS appreciate differentiation strive for academic excellence provide insights for practice AIM: inspire “evidence based” collaboration The added value of a multidisciplinary approach to open science addressing innovation in a global dimension
  • 3. Main topics 3THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Background information Publications as a way to study the language of science Responsibilities in communicating science Training scientists in scientific communication Editorial standards and guidelines Some ISS collaborative projects fostering the translation and dissemination of scientific contents to different targets
  • 4. 4THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ National Institute of Health in Italy Mission: Research for public health Research, advice, control, training, documentation in PUBLIC HEALTH diseases, environment, drugs, food safety, health technologies, life styles, epidemiology
  • 5. Established in 1934 5THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Fight against malaria DDT on Pontina swamp, 1946
  • 6. Penicillina Factory , 1952 6 For 15 years it was the only governmental production plant producing low-cost antibiotics THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 7. 7THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 A story of Nobel Prize winners… D. Bovet E.B. Chain E. Fermi R. Levi-Montalcini
  • 8. 8THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ as an editor of scientific publications Editorial work has a fundamental role in a research institute and allows to study and shape the language of science The ISS official journal started in 1938, since 2000 is online as all ISS publications
  • 9. Publications as a way to study the language of science 9THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Hints from experience at the Publishing Unit of the National Institute of Health in Italy Different ways of translating scientific contents
  • 10. 10THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Publishing Unit at the Italian NIH Activities Publications Digital archive Research projects Cooperation Training Exhibitions
  • 11. How many publications ISS today? 11 900 researchers (tot staff 2000) about 1800 publications per year 83 82 73 65 62 58 46 14 10 7 5 4 3 3 2 1 54 145 53 46 103 31 32 8 21 23 2 1 6 3 44 10 106 67 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 MIPI CNE BCN FARM AMPP TES SPVSA EOMM CRIVIB CSC CNMR CNAIDS CNT SBGSA CNS SIDBAE URE Non Indicizzate Indicizzate Non Indicizzate Indicizzate 30% ISS series Annual report ISS 2013 60% in English THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 12. ISS as contributor and publisher of scientific literature  Conventional biomedical (journals) and grey literature  ISS conventional journals and grey production 12THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 The Publishing Unit has a privileged position to Observe trends in scientific language (OA, publication metrics) Play a “Regulatory role” in setting rules through “instructions to authors” and control on the editorial process Become aware of information needs at different levels from the inside
  • 13. THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Rendiconti, now Annali 13 1938-1941 1941-1965 1965-2005 2006, 2011, IF 13 2013- 2014 Indexed in ISI, MEDLINE, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, CHEMABS, PASCAL, SciELO Peer reviewed science journal in English
  • 14. 14 Grey literature Rapporti ISTISAN All information that could not be published in conventional journals, due to extention and detail. Since 1977 they publish research activity, data, proceedings, technical specifications Now, divided in 5 research areas THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 15. THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 2001 1988 1996 2003 2004 2005- 1990 Notiziario dell’ISS 15 Monthly bulletin on current research, includes the National Epidemiological Bulletin Started in 1987, online since 1996
  • 16. 16 Established in 1985, they publish the abstracts of congerence communications and posters organized by ISS. Printed and online available befroe the Conference THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Grey literature ISTISAN Congressi
  • 17. 17 Publications addressed to schools Since 2001 They publish updated information on health issues of general interest for schools THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 18. 18 Leaflets General information on ISS and its activity THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 19. Historical videos 19 Interviews to recover pieces of our history through oral memories of old or retired staff From the glass blower, to the carpenter, to reserchers who worked in environmental disasters, to those who worked with the Nobel laureates... Transcripts are available THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 20. 20 Heritage publications I beni storico-scientifici dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità Since 2005, to safeguarde, preserve and study the ISS heritage in different stages of its development From the history of the Laboratory of Therapeutical chemistry (Directed by Prof. Daniel Bovet (1947-1964), to the description of scientific instruments, the history of electronic microscopy (1942- 1992), the laboratory of malariology, the collection of rare books, proceedings of historical conferences, history of curare, the role of oral memories... THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 21. 21THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 100 year birthday of Rita Levi Montalcini (April 2009) Original interviews as a gift for a special birthday Publications produced for special events
  • 22. 22THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Narrative medicine Experience in Narrative Medicine and Rare Diseases (CNRM) Narrative medicine (medical humanities) is a medical approach that recognizes the value of people’s narrative in clinical practice, research and education
  • 23. 23THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 The Flight of Pegasus is a prize started in 2008 by National Centre of Rare Diseases at ISS. It is addressed to patients, their families and friends, no age limit, to • Provide space for expression and visibility for people with rare diseases, through artistic and literary channels (stories, drawings, paintings, pictures) • Raise awareness for rare diseases, not only with a view to suffering, but also to human dignity to promote active citizenship. Why Pegasus? Pegasus is the winged horse, symbol of wisdom, representing the strength to hover off the ground and make a journey into the unknown. The journey that many rare disease patients and their families make every day.
  • 24. Posters & exhibitions for the general public 24THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Science Pic Nic Warsaw, May 2014 Games to involve the general public on the importance of corrert life styles Diet, Physical excercise, Etc.
  • 25. THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 25 It is a responsiblitity that must be recognised and undertaken with the same commitment and professionality as for all the other science-related activities Responsibility of science communication For all people working in Research and Development Information transfer is an ESSENTIAL part of their work
  • 26. Levels of responsibility THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 26  Progress is always based on previous work  Peers need to be informed  Patients need to be informed  All stakeholders (policy makers, general public) need to be informed and become aware of the value of scientific research  Health is a common good  We live in a “global” world  Health information should be available for all (OA)
  • 27. 27  represent the dynamic memory of science (started in 1660)  rely on a consolidated know-how and editorial structure  guarantee quality control, dissemination, indexing and impact evaluation of published articles. Despite the changes introduced by the Internet in communication, scientific journals still represent the most widely recognized means for communicating research results of among peers. Role of scientific journals Scientific journals: THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 28. 28 Journals (and books) change their shape • Blogs • Discussion lists • Wikis • Online answers • Social networks • Collective conversations All this deeply affects scientific communication New ways are developed TODAY INTERNET allows new ways of communication THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 29. INTERNET adds complexities to the editorial process and at the same time it makes it faster and accessible to different stakeholders Ronald La Port. BMJ 1995, 2002 Death or metamorphosis of scientific journals? Searching new balance among different interests 29
  • 30. 30 Information dissemination including both publication and data is strictly associated with research activity in the process of creating knowledge on the basis of existing knowledge. OPEN ACCESS Researchers and health operators must assume such responsibility as part of their commitment (social implication) Open access to research information and data is therefore a moral imperative and is recognised as such by many research performing and funding institutions (NIH, Wellcom trust, European Commission (H2020), ERC, OCSE, etc.)
  • 31. SPARC Workshop at EAHIL ● Rome, 10 June 2014 31 Global health has no borders Access to health information is critically important for all human beings, it often makes the difference between like and death, and as such is an important component of human rights
  • 32. Shocking data on child mortality to reflect on the role of health information Each year, around 9 million children die from preventable and treatable illnesses Health knowledge can often mean the difference between life and death The handbook produced by UNICEF, WHO, UNESCO provides vital messages and information for mothers, fathers, other family members and caregivers and communities Example
  • 33. IMPACT OF INFORMATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH  Scientists (progress of science)  Policy makers (regulations, fundings)  General public (behavioural change) Social value of knowledge, Scientific communication as a civil commitment Scientists, in their role of knowledge gatekeepers, should play an active role in public discussions on science Trust in scientists role • Spread knowledge • Face challanges
  • 34. HEALTH, INFORMATION, HUMAN RIGHTS Universal Declaration on Human rights, 1948, Article 25. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family Definition of Health World Health Organization, 1948 Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Access to information Is an essential component of human rights Today people still die for lack of information Open Access= equality in health
  • 35. Right of information According to the International Human Rights Law, governments have the legal obligation to ensure that all citizens and health operators have access to the appropriate health information they need to protect their health and the health of the other people NY Law School, 2012
  • 36. 36THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Ethical responsibilities affecting all the actors of the editorial process (authors, editors, reviewers, editorial staff) and beyond - Authorship - Integrity (falsification) - Copyright (plagiarism) - Privacy and confidentiality - Conflicts of interest (bias) - Freedom of information Committee on Publication Ethics
  • 37. 37 Training scientists to recognize the most appropriate communication tool according to targets and context Main target of IS training activities: health personnel in Italy and other countries in Europe, Latin America, Africa THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 38. 38  journal articles  technical reports  oral communications or posters in conferences or workshops  abstracts and proceedings  social media  etc. researchers, medical & technical staff patients, families, policy makers, community health workers, media, etc.  oral communications  leaflets, bookmarks, posters  audiovisuals  workshops, informal meetings  e-health communication  social media  etc. PEERS LAY PEOPLE share research results, progress in research, contribute to debate change behaviour, improve life style, access to therapy, increase retention type objective target Different targets, objectives & types of scientific communication THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 39. NECOBELAC project Paola De Castro, NECOBEALC project Coordinator Istituto Superiore di Sanità An example of sustainable activities to promote scientific writing and OA publishing in a wide geographical area
  • 40. NECOBELAC project in brief It is a European project (2009-2012) “Science in Society” working in the field of PUBLIC HEALTH  improve scientific writing  promote open access publishing models  foster technical and scientific cooperation between Europe and Latin America www.necobelac.eu Network of Collaboration Between Europe & Latin American-Caribbean countries It aims to: All actors taking part in scientific communication processTARGET Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
  • 41. NECOBELAC key points This approach offers mutual benefits EU-LAC and supports cultural change in production, use and dissemination of health information BI-DIRECTIONAL APPROACH sharing experiences and initiatives between Europe & Latin America within a common strategy MAIN ACTIONS 1. Two level training activity 2. Innovative training tools 3. Networking & cooperation activity interrelated
  • 42. 42THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 8 courses in EU and LAC TRAINING REPLICATION TRAINING COURSES FOR TRAINERS T1 T2 TWO-LEVEL TRAINING ACTIVITY (assisted and supported by project partners)
  • 43. 8 Training for trainers (T1) >45 Local training replications (T2) Brazil Sao Paolo 2010 Italy Rome 2010 Colombia Bogotà 2010 Spain Madrid 2011 Argentina Buenos Aires 2011 Portugal Braga 2011 Mexico Guadalajara 2011 Ireland Dublin 2012 15 countries in the network 4 Europe + 11 Latin America >200 institutions Figures from NECOBELAC training Lessons learnt: listen, be flexible, provide support and teaching material Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
  • 44. Scientific publication NECOBELAC topic maps GL authors and issuing organizatio nsshould be aware of the entire information life cycle Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
  • 45. NECOBELAC topic maps Open access Librarians, authors, editors, publishers and all stakeholder s should be aware of OA challanges and opportuniti es Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
  • 46. Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
  • 47. Open Access Journals Introduction to Open Access Open Access Repositories Open Access Policies NECOBELAC model training program OPEN ACCESS OA publishing models represents the greatest challenge for health information dissemination Sparc Europe workshop, EAHIL, Rome 10 June 2014
  • 48. Examples of diversity in NECOBELAC local training initiatives
  • 49. >50 training courses in EU and LA (8 courses for trainers) Topic maps as innovative training tools > 200 institutions in a network Final results of the NECOBELAC project 12/26 Training in scientific writing and open access publishing: the NECOBELAC project experience in Europe and Latin America.
  • 50. Quito, Ecuador, Noviembre 2011 Abstract book Italian/Spanish Collaboration within NECOBELAC project network (still ongoing): linking public health & information communication Montevideo Uruguay, March 2012 Examples of OA training and research for public health, including Italy (ISS, IILA), Colombia (ISP), Ecuador (UTE), Uruguay Italia, Argentina, 2010 Italia, UK, Cuba, 2011 Rare diseases Paediatric pharmacology AMBIENTE Y SALUD ISEE - International Society of Environmental Epidemiology, 2011 Quito Ecuador, March2014 Bogotà Colombia, February 2014
  • 51. Ongoing projects developed thanks to the existing networks and experience • Research HIV/AIDS • Training clinical aspects, statistics and communication Asbestos project • Research on asbestos • Dissemination of information on asbestos and related diseases (Latin America) CASA Project Cohort of African People Starting Antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia
  • 52. Training and dissemination material in two languages 52THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Enhancing scientific research results through the publication of open access journal articles. A suggested training program. Scientific contents Environmetal and Occupational health Mortality data, Health risks + Communication issues Scientific writing 13/31 Contribution to training and prevention of asbestos related diseases. In English and Spanish
  • 53. 53 Why communication skills are important to reach CASA project objectives Paola De Castro S. A .C. A . Basic training program in scientific communication Head of the Publishing Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (Italy) Mekelle University, 26 May 2014
  • 54. 54 Improve the quality of care of patients with HIV and related co-infections in Tigray CASA PROJECT OBJECTIVE HOW? communication, scientific writing, information searching, evaluation, organization of workshops, strategic planning, presentations in meetings, etc. Evidence based!!! Research and training statistics clinical aspects communication
  • 55. 55 National Institute of Health Istituto Superiore di Sanità TEACHING & LEARNING are strictly connected ITALY Mekelle University, Tigray Health Bureau, health facilities ETHIOPIA different backgrounds share knowledge to improve quality of care of HIV infected patients S. A .C. A .
  • 56. 56
  • 57. 57 Target groups of the training in communication Physicians/ Researchers/ working in university and hospitals Health workers nurses, health officers, physicians, case managers Community based organizations community health workers, women associations, patient associations, etc. 1 2 3 Different types of translation From one language to another language From one culture to another culture Form scientific/technical language to common language
  • 58. 58 LESSONS on scientific communication Target groups Health workers Community based organizations Physicians, researchers, case managers 1. Communication skills: easy when you know how x x x 2. The basic structure of a journal article x x 3. Citing the work of others x 4. Communication through social media x x 5. How to select the right journal to publish your article x x 6. Basic scientific knowledge on HIV/AIDS x x 7. Why networking is necessary . The train-the- trainer approach x x x 8. Strategic planning for community health workers: SMART objectives x x 9. Building your own strategy to work with HIV/AIDS patients & families x 10. Searching online medical information (basic) x x x 11. Information sources on HIV/AIDS (for health operators) x x 12. Information sources on HIV/AIDS (for patients and the general public) x x
  • 59. Editorial standards and guidelines have a direct impact on the language of science 59THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Authors must comply with instructions for authors and refer to strict editorial guidelines to get published Instructions from over 6000 biomedical journals First step before starting to write the article and last step before submission!
  • 60. “Vancouver style”, a reference tool for publication in medical journals 60THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing and publication of scholarly work in medical journals. Started in 1978 to standardize citations, now is a common standard containing ethical and technical considerations
  • 61. 61 And The IMRAD structure Introduction Background information State specific purpose of the study Limit references Do not include data or conclusions Material and methods Describe (patients, animals, etc.) Define material and equipment Illustrate procedures Compare with other methods Results Show results in logical order Point out only relevant data Discussion and conclusions Stress only new aspects Do not repeat what was written in the methods Avoid conclusions which are not associated to reliable data THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 62. EQUATOR, a portal of guidelines for good reporting of health sciences research 62THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 63. Seminario Internacional Salud Ocupacional y ambiental - Quito, 22-24 Febrero 2014 Incluyen ejemplos prácticos, incluso de errores frecuentes en la traducción
  • 64. 64THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 65. MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS 65THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 66. In brief: - have a good content to communicate - be aware of rules and apply them - have a strong motivation to do so The language of science Concise, simple, clear Imagination is more important than knowledge Einstein teaches Texts should be complete in each part “ ” 66
  • 67. 67 REVISION: different levels of responsibility • read instructions to authors • read again after some time (one-two days) • use check lists A paper may be rejected by the editor, IF… • it is not compliant with journal scope & formats • it has poor English Minor revisions Major revisions Revision improves quality & provides a learning opportunity Authors! Take it seriously! Be prepared to answer all points raised by reviewers 4. TECHNICAL EDITING after acceptance Journal editorial staff 1. AUTHORS’ REVISION before submission 2. INITIAL EDITORIAL REVIEW after submission (before peer review) 3. PEER REVIEW after submission THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014
  • 68. Other collaborative projects fostering translation and dissemination of scientific contents to different targets  research projects  science games  Pilot ECDL Health 68
  • 69. 69THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 European Association of Health Information and Libraries
  • 70. E-BUG, a game to empower students on prudent use of antibiotics (microbiology) Seminario Internacional Salud Ocupacional y ambiental - Quito, 22-24 Febrero 2014 Create, translate and adapt scientific contents in different contexts
  • 71. 71THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 The heart of the ECDL Project is a Syllabus summarising the basic competences health professionals should have to get the diploma ECDL HealthDoc Pilot ECDL HealthDoc 1 Sources of health information 2 Access to full-text information 3 Web information quality 4 Research evaluation 5 EBM documentation 6 Scientific writing 7 Health information for citizens and patients 8 Web 2.0
  • 72. Bioresource Research Impact Factor Example of a positive collaboration between scientists and journal editors to establish a standardised citation of bioresources in order to be properly evaluated. 7 2 BRIF
  • 73. Vision Greater gender balance in science and publishing practices for enhanced quality, diversity and transparency, for science to remain at the forefront of innovation. Mission: To advance sex/gender reporting and gender balance in editorial management on a global level, and across disciplines. EASE Gender Policy Committee towards a common standard for gender policies in scientific reporting
  • 74. Baseline: International Gender Survey EASE GPC mission: To advance sex/gender reporting and gender balance in editorial management on a global level, and across disciplines
  • 75. So what next?  Expert Consultation (May 2014)  Public Consultation (Split – June 2014)  Revision of the Common Standards  Publications and dissemination  Advocate for its endorsement and implementation  Monitoring
  • 76. Join EASE and participate in 13th EASE Conference, Strasbourg, 16-19 June 2016 “Scientific integrity: editors on the front line” Herve Maisonneuve, past-president of EASE and local French organizer. You are welcome to send proposals 76THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 http://www.ease.org.uk/
  • 77. 77THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Standardised Language Certificate for Medical Purposes (sTANDEM)
  • 78. 78THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 Health Tom Tom Workshop Organized by Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy and Hacettepe University, Turkey ECIL - Instanbul 2013 better use information, improve communication share knowledge develop life skills to improve well-being Show the benefits of a multisectorial approach Researchers & librarians working together to improve health information literacy
  • 79. 79Health Tom Tom Workshop • ECIL • Istanbul, October 22-25, 2013 Definition provided by WHO, 1999 HEALTH LITERACY represents the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to: Information literacy & public health HEALTH LITERACY (information & communication) AS A MEANS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION By improving people’s access to health information and their capacity to use it effectively, health literacy is critical to empowerment. information • gain access to • understand • use in ways which promote and maintain good health
  • 80. 80THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: Science, Practice and Academia. Univ. Bergamo, 19-21 June, 2014 MEDITERRANEAN EDITORS AND TRANSLATORS translators editors, revisors and proofreaders project managers authors’ editors oral and writing coaches language teachers interpreters scientific and technical writers writing instructors researchers
  • 81. Thank you Paola De Castro paola.decastro@iss.it Questions?