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Ammonia Synthesis over Non-Iron Catalysts and Related Phenomena

  • Chapter
Ammonia

Abstract

Industrial ammonia synthesis, now known as the Haber-Bosch process, began in 1913. For this process, the doubly promoted iron catalyst (Fe-Al2O3-K2O) was synthesized in 1909 and the preparation concepts are still applied today [1]. During the research of that time, most elements other than iron were also examined. Osmium was found to have the excellent activity, giving as high as 8% NH3 at 550 °C and 19 MPa for a long time. Continuous production of NH3 (80 g/h) was first demonstrated in July 1909 using Os [2]. However, osmium was too expensive and has not produced in quantities sufficient for commercial use. Uranium as its carbide was also very active, but it was irreversibly poisoned by traces of O2 of water vapor. These examples suggested to us that we might be able to develop catalyst containing active elements other than iron. In this chapter, various catalyst systems other than iron, which have not been applied commercially, will be reviewed. Several elements, for example ruthenium and rhenium, are quite interesting as active elements which might lead to second generation ammonia catalysts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Ken-ichi Aika

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Kenzi Tamara

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  1. Ken-ichi Aika
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  2. Kenzi Tamara
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  1. Haldor Topsøe A/S, Nymøllevej 55, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark

    Anders Nielsen

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Aika, Ki., Tamara, K. (1995). Ammonia Synthesis over Non-Iron Catalysts and Related Phenomena. In: Nielsen, A. (eds) Ammonia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79197-0_3

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