Qualcomm holds the largest share of essential patents for LTE and LTE-Advanced cellular standards, while Samsung and LG are leading innovators in LTE modem technology. For LTE, Qualcomm owns 250 essential patents (32%), followed by InterDigital and others. For LTE modems, Qualcomm owns 144 patents (33%) followed by Samsung. Samsung and LG have demonstrated LTE devices and received certification. For LTE-Advanced, Qualcomm leads with 101 patents (48%) followed by LG. Key technologies include relay for coverage and carrier aggregation.