Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Anti-

inflammatory Lollipop using Sterculia Lychnophora
Seed Extract
Shalini Dhawale*, Rajkumar Moon, Pavan Birgad, Ujwala Salve,
Pratiksha Bhajikhaye, Dipali Korde, Vishal Pagare, Suraj Thakare
School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded

Abstract:- We are moving away from nature as our shaking or cutting the branches. To ease collection a cover
lifecycle becomes more technologically savvy. Herbs are can be spread out on the ground. The optimal time of
natural items, thus they have no negative side effects and collection is reached when fruits have changed in colour
are also relatively safe, environmentally friendly, and from green to brownish. The flesh surrounding the dried
locally accessible. In many of the pathological conditions seeds swells to eight time its original volume when it is
like mouth ulcers, throat infection, cough etc, it needs to overnight soaked in water its exposed interior is yellowish
localize the medicament in the oral cavity region. brown with a spongy mucus rich consistency, when chewed
Considering these facts present study aims to formulate at length, is cool or cold in nature [1][2].
and evaluate herbal lollipop using Sterculia Lychnophora
seed extract for anti-inflammatory activity. The II. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
advantages of the current study effort include higher
oral dosage form bioavailability and retention time, as The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2000) recognises
well as a decrease in stomach discomfort due to first pass Sterculia Lychnophora Hanse. The seeds of sterculia are
metabolism. The conventional dosage forms like tablets used to prevent and treat pharyngitis. It's also been used to
and capsules, syrups etc are inconvenient for paediatric cure constipation. Sterculia Lychnophora is typically boiled
patients because of difficult to swallow tablets and or soaked in hot water and used as a beverage to cure sore
capsules or unpleasant taste of drug. As a result demand throats, combat toxicity, and lubricate the intestines.
for developing new technologies has been increasing day Bassorin has the ability to constrict vascular smooth muscle,
by day. In the present investigation herbal lollipop reduce mucosal irritation, and decrease spastic discomfort.
containing Sterculia Lychnophora seed extract were Hoarseness of voice, dry cough or productive cough with
prepared by heating and congealing technique. For drug yellow sticky phlegm, painful, dry throat caused by heat in
analysis, many instrumental techniques such as UV, the lung, and constipation with headache and bloodshot eyes
FTIR, and others were used. The generated lollipop are all treatable symptoms. Malva nut can be consumed by
formulations were tested for thickness, weight variation, adding one or two nuts to a large cup of boiling water and
friability, hardness, stability studies, and anti- drinking the liquid. Typically, in traditional Chinese
inflammatory efficacy. medicine, malva nut would be part of larger formula of
herbs designed to address person conditions. Although it
Keywords:- Sterculia Lychnophora Seeds, Herbal Lollipop, possesses medicinal properties care must be taken with its
Anti-Inflammatory Activity. consumption. Avoid boiling more than 3 seeds per drink.
Although it has medical benefits, it must be consumed with
I. INTRODUCTION caution. Don't cook more than three seeds each drink.
Symptoms of overconsumption include white watery
Sterculia Lychnophora Hanse is species of tree in the sputum, nausea, coughing, and a swollen tongue. People
genus Sterculia, native to mainland South east Asia. It is the who have frequent digestion issues, abdominal pain, or
deciduous tree that belongs to the Sterculiacae family. The diarrhoea should avoid it completely [12].
trees grow mainly in tropical zones including India,
Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia. Its seed is used in traditional A. Inflammation
Chinese medicine as a “coolant” for a gastrointestinal Inflammation is a defence reaction caused by tissue
disorder and for soothing the throat. This traditional drug is damage or injury, characterised by redness, heat, swelling
reputed for its prevention and remedy against pharyngitis. It and pain. The basic goal of inflammation is to localise and
has also been used for the treatment of tussis and eliminate the irritant while also repairing the surrounding
constipation since ancient times [3][4]. Sterculia tissue. Inflammation facilitates the removal of bacteria,
Lychnophora species have been extensively used in poisons, or foreign material at the site of injury, inhibits
traditional medicine in the various countries across the their spread to other organs, and prepares the region for
world. The tree can reach a height of 25-30 m. Young fruit tissue healing, therefore it is beneficial. restores tissue
is green yellow and matures to a dark brown tint. Seeds are homeostasis [5].
usually collected from the tree or from the ground after

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
B. Lollipops  The medication is drained from the oral cavity into the
The oral route of drug administration is the most stomach along with saliva.
common and easiest method of drug delivery. The oral route
of drug delivery has gained widespread acceptability, III. MATERIAL AND METHODS
accounting for 50-60% of total dosage form. The use of
solid dosage forms allows for easier administration, more A. Material used:
accurate dosing, self-medication, pain avoidance, and, most Sterculia Lychnophora seeds were acquired from
significantly, patient compliance. However, paediatric, Herbal Pharmacy in Nanded, Maharashtra, India. The
geriatric, and bedridden patients have difficulty swallowing specimen was subsequently treated and mounted on a
standard pills or capsules due to issues swallowing with less herbarium sheet according to the technique of the Indian
water with the drug and being unable to take When many Botanical Survey for identification and authenticity by Prof.
drugs are prepared as liquid dose forms, they have an Dr. R. M. Mulani, Head of Department of Botany, School of
unpleasant taste, which leads to poor patient compliance. Life Science, S.R.T.M. University Nanded. S.D. Fine
Over the last two decades, there has been an increase in Chemicals Ltd in Mumbai provided all of the remaining
demand for more patient-friendly dose forms, which has ingredients.
resulted in an increased push for innovative administration
technologies. Because the development cost of a new  Collection, Identification and preparation of Sterculia
chemical entity is extremely costly, pharmaceutical Lychnophora seeds
companies are now focused on the development of new drug Following identification, the collected seeds were dried
delivery systems for current drugs with increased efficacy in a shady location at room temperature for 30 days to
and bioavailability, as well as reduced dose frequency, in prevent active chemical degradation. Prior to usage, the husk
order to minimise adverse effects [1][2][4]. and kernels of the seed material were separated after drying.
The seeds were broken into small pieces and mechanically
C. Types of lollipops ground into a coarse powdery condition for extraction and
phytochemical analysis.
 Hard lollipops [11]
Hard lollipops could be called solid sugar syrups.  Extraction of Sterculia Lychnophora seeds
These dosage forms are created by boiling sugars and other The husk and kernels of S. Lychnophora seed material
ingredients before putting the liquid into a mould. Hard were separated prior to use. The grounded powder of
lollipops resemble hard candy. In fact, many hard lollipop Sterculia Lychnophora seeds used for the preparation of
recipes are variations on hard candy recipes. extract using Soxhlet apparatus by successive extraction
method with different solvent (Petroleum Ether, Ethyl
 Soft lollipops [11] acetate, methanol, water).
Soft lollipops have grown in popularity due to their
ease of preparation and their suitability for a wide range of B. FTIR Spectroscopy
medications. The base is often made up of a combination of FTIR spectrum analysis was performed on the
various PEGs, acacia-related compounds, glycerol gelatine, produced extract. Approximately 1mg of extract was
and an acacia: sucrose base. These lollipops can be coloured dissolved in KBr powder and placed in the sample container,
and flavoured, and depending on the intended impact of the and the FTIR spectra was acquired using powder diffuse
included medicine, they can be eaten or slowly dissolved in reflectance on an FTIR spectrophotometer.
the mouth.
 Anti-inflammatory activity of extract
 Advantages of Herbal lollipops [2] The selected extract sample was tested for anti-
 Maintaining medications in contact with the oral cavity inflammatory efficacy in vivo using the carrageenan-
for an extended amount of time by using formulations induced rat paw edoema technique. Adult albino rats were
that are simple to alter and can be patient specific. chosen in groups of five. The experiment employed Wistar
 Patients who have difficulties swallowing can be given rats of either sexes weighing 150-200 grammes. They were
lollipops. housed in polypropylene cages with husk bedding, which
 Lollipops have a nice taste and increase the amount of were changed every 48 hours under a 12:12 h light dark
time that a medicine spends in the oral cavity to generate cycle at roughly 250 degrees Celsius. They were fed
a therapeutic effect. commercial pellet rat chow and given unlimited water. Each
 Lollipops are simple to make with minimal equipment rat's right hind paw was injected subplantarly with 0.1 ml of
and effort, allowing for non-invasive and waterless 1% carrageenan in saline to induce edoema. Suspension of
administration. selected extract samples in 1% w/v gum acacia was
produced and delivered orally at doses of 100 and 300
 Disadvantages of herbal lollipops [2] mg/kg 1 hour before carrageenan injection. The control
 Heat labile medicines are not suited for use in lollipop group received just vehicle, while the standard group
formulations due to the high temperature necessary for received diclofenac sodium. The volume of the injected and
manufacture. control paws was measured using a plenthysmometer at 0, 1,
 however, medications with a low bitter taste are 3, and 5 hours after induction. The value was expressed as a
acceptable.

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
percentage reduction in volume compared to the control  Flavour was added at 1200C to 1350C, then the
group at various time periods [10]. temperature was reduced to 900C, then extract, polymer,
and other ingredients were added and thoroughly
 Preparation of herbal lollipop by heating and combined.
congealing technique  The produced slurry was put into the calibrated mould
 The syrup base was made by dissolving the needed and air dried for 1-2 hours.
amount of sugar and boiling it at 110 degrees Celsius for  To prevent moisture absorption, the produced lollipops
around 90 minutes. were wrapped in aluminium foil and placed in a
 Dextrose was dissolved in a tiny amount of water and desiccator.
heated to 110°C until it entirely dissolved, forming a
transparent viscous syrup.  Formulation of herbal lollipop
 The dextrose syrup was then added to the sugar syrup
and cooked to 160 degrees Celsius until the colour
changed to golden yellow.

Table 1: Formulation of herbal lollipop

Sr. No. Composition (in miligram) F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
1 Sterculia Lychnophora Seed Extract 100 100 100 100 100 100
2 Sucrose 4600 ---- 3600 3500 3400 3300
3 Dextrose ---- 4600 1000 1100 1200 1300
4 HPMC 100 100 200 300 400 500
5 Citric Acid 100 100 100 100 100 100
6 Calcium Carbonate 5 5 5 5 5 5
7 Colouring Agent Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S
8 Flavouring Agent Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S
Total Weight 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION  Physical characteristics of extract

A. Identification and authentication of the plant Table 2: Physical characteristics of extract

The plant's seeds were purchased from a local herbal Properties Observation of Sterculia
pharmacy in Nanded, Maharashtra state, India, and then Lychnophora extract
processed and mounted on herbarium sheets according to the Colour Brown
procedure of the Indian Botanical Survey, and were Odour Characteristic
identified and authenticated as Sterculia Lychnophora seeds Taste Slightly bitter
by Prof. Dr. R. M. Mulani, Head, Department of Botany, Solubility Soluble in alcohol
School of Life Sciences, S. R. T. M. University, Nanded.
 Phytochemical Characterization of Sterculia
Lychnophora seed extract
Preliminary phytochemical screening tests were performed
to determine the phytoconstituents in extract. Results are
given in table 3.

Table 3: Phytochemical Characterisation of Sterculia

Lychnophora seed extract
Sr. Class of compound Test performed Result
No.
1 Alkaloids Mayer’s test Possitive
2 Flavonoids Alkaline Negative
Reagent test
3 Protein Biuret test Negative
4 Tannin Ferric Chloride Negative
test
5 Triterpenoid Salkowski test Possitive
6 Steroid Liberman- Negative
Fig 1: Sterculia Lychnophora Seed burchard test
7 Fats and Fixed oil Glycerine test Negative
8 Polyphenols - Possitive
9 Phenol TLC Possitive

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Phytochemical Analysis: Present = (+), Absent = (-) The anti-inflammatory efficacy of sterculia
lychnophora extract in vitro was investigated using the
 Anti-inflammatory activity of sterculia lychnophora carrageenan-induced rat paw edoema technique. According
extract to the findings, the extract has anti-inflammatory properties.

Table 4: Anti-inflammatory activity of extract

Treatment Dose Inflammation (Volume in ml)
30 min 60 min 120 min 180 min 240 min 300 min
Positive control Carrageenan 0.26 0.39 0.70 0.81 0.73 0.66
Low dose 100 mg/kg 0.27 0.34 0.59 0.70 0.67 0.63
High dose 300 mg/kg 0.23 0.29 0.48 0.56 0.57 0.59
Standard 5 mg/kg 0.18 0.20 0.29 0.27 0.31 0.30
(Diclofenac)

Compatibility of extract with excipient (Sucrose +

HPMC + Citric acid + Calcium carbonate) was studied by
FTIR. The FTIR spectra of all excipients in combination
with extract shows the characteristic peaks same as that of
pure extract alone which confirmed the compatibility of
extract and excipients with no chemical modification.

Fig 2: Effect of S.Lychnophora extract on carrageenan

induced rat paw edema

 FTIR Spectroscopy
FTIR spectra obtained showed characteristic peaks of,
OH at 3328 cm-1 (Alcohol, Phenols, Group of glycosides),
N-H at 1448 cm-1 (Presence of flavones Glycosides
indicative of Flavonoids), C-H at 2926, 2835 cm-1 (Alkanes,
presence of long chain fatty acids, phytosterols) and C-O at Fig 4: FTIR Spectra of extract and excipient in combination
1050-1150 cm-1 (Corresponds to flavonoids).
B. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory herbal lollipop

 Organoleptic Charcterization
The prepared lollipops were inspected visually for
colour, clarity, presence of any particular materials and
texture. This test is important for patient compliance and
acceptance.

Table 5: Organoleptic characteristics of lollipops

Formulation Colour C

F1 Reddish, little sticky, easily removed Homo

from mould
F2 Reddish, sticky, easily removed Homo
from mould, smooth
F3 Reddish, sticky, smooth Homo
F4 Reddish, sticky Homo
Fig 3: FT-IR Spectra of S. Lychnophora Seed extract F5 Reddish, sticky Homo
F6 Reddish, little sticky Homo

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Diameter and thickness  Hardness and friability
The diameter of the lollipop is vital for consistency in The hardness of lozenges determines their resistance to
the size of the lollipops. Vernier callipers were used to shipment or breakage during storage, transportation, and
measure thickness and diameter table 6. handling prior to use. The hardness of lollipops was
determined using a Monsanto hardness tester, which
Table 6: Thickness and diameter of lollipops measures the force necessary to shatter the lollipop in
Formulation Thickness in mm Diameter in cm kilogrammes per square centimetre.
F1 14.80 2.46
F2 14.95 2.44 The friability was tested using the Roche Friabilator.
F3 15 2.50 Twenty lollipops were precisely weighed and placed in the
F4 15 2.50 tumbling equipment, which resolves at 25 rpm. After 4
F5 15 2.50 minutes, the lollipops were weighed to establish the % drop
F6 15 2.50 in lollipops weight. Furthermore, the greatest weight
reduction cannot exceed 1% of the overall weight. Table 8
 Weight Variation test for lollipops displays the results collected. All of the results are between
Individual weight of 20 lollipops was taken and the 0.1 - 0.9% range. All bathes were deemed to be
average weight of the 20 lollipops was calculated and acceptable based on the results.
weight variation of each batch was determined (table 7).
Table 8: Hardness and friability of lollipops
Weight Variation = Average weight minus Initial weight / Formulation Hardness in kg/cm2 Friability in %
Average weight F1 10.86 0.85
F2 11.00 0.82
Table 7: Weight variation of lollipops F3 11.04 0.85
Formulation Weight variation of lollipops in F4 11.06 0.85
g F5 11.01 0.84
F1 5.05 F6 11.08 0.86
F2 4.86
F3 4.99
F4 5.01  Stability studies
F5 5.03 The stability study was carried out for one month and
F6 5.04 results revealed that all the lollipops showed better stability
at 80C, Room Temperature, 450C.

Table 9: Stability study of lollipop

Days Temperatures Colour Crystallization Presence of any particular materials
8 80C Reddish, little sticky No No
Room Temp. Reddish, Sticky No No
450C Reddish, Sticky No No
15 80C Reddish, Sticky No No
Room temp. Reddish, Sticky No No
450C Reddish, Sticky No No
30 80C Reddish No No
Room Temp. Reddish No No
450C Reddish No No

Fig 5: Stability study of Lollipops

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. CONCLUSION Journal of Biologicals and Pharmaceutical Research,
2013, volume 4, page no.35-45.
According to the findings of this study, sucrose-based [11]. Gupta Rashi, Mandloi Rampal, Pillai Sujit, Birla
medicated herbal lollipop may be an ideal dosage form for Nikhlesh. A Review on Medicated Lollipops. Res. J.
paediatric patients for the successful therapy of pharyngitis, Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2021; 13(1):33-38.
tonsillitis, and swollen gums. The stability investigations [12]. Oppong, M.B., Yang, L.I., Banahene, P.O., Shi-Ming,
revealed that the manufactured lollipops were stable when F.A.N.G. and Feng, Q.I.U., 2018. Ethnopharmacology,
stored in an airtight container for the storage time and under phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Sterculia
the various conditions examined. These findings may be lychnophora Hance (Pangdahai). Chinese journal of
useful in developing such formulations for paediatric natural medicines, 16(10), pp.721-731.
patients.

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