Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Mathematical Interpretation of
High Length Wi-Fi Network System
*MD. Tahsin Ahmed, **Ashraful Islam, ***J. P. Clinton Corraya

Abstract:- Today's current sphere is always moving and - or generation - of wireless technology is one of the main
searching for something new. Thinking back a few forces behind the ongoing change and evolution of the telecom
millennia ago, this was only possible thanks to science. Due sector. Faster speeds, greater capacity, and new features that
to the internet, we are now able to complete tasks that improve our quality of life and connectivity come with each
were previously impossible, such as communicating with successive generation. [4] [5]
distant parties. [1] No matter where we are, we can now
see them and speak to them with relative ease. To expand II. THE 5G EFFECT ON TELECOM
the reach of communication medium, the
telecommunications industry was created. People can  Broadband's current state, 5G, and its consequences.
communicate swiftly with people nearby or far away. We  Budgets for telecom providers.
are able to use the internet because the  The market environment and potential investment
telecommunications industry has made it possible for us to opportunities.
do so. We use this internet medium in many different ways
Faster speeds and increased capacity for activities like
as a result of science. Similar to how the router and
streaming video, downloading music, reading the web, and
broadband line (Ethernet) systems work. [1] It will be our
utilizing social media come with each successive generation.
responsibility to provide internet access to everyone in the
entire nation or world using the Wi-Fi router system. [5] And as we are all aware, nowadays, individuals use their
smartphones for purposes other than merely making phone
Because of this, anyone can access the internet whenever
calls. The telecom sector needs to invest in 5G if it wants to
they want, no matter how far they are from the network.
Network towers will be needed for our technology to remain competitive. This will not only provide them an
completely cover the nation and create Wi-Fi systems like advantage over their rivals, but it will also enable them to
the routers we see today. [1] provide the most cutting-edge technologies to their clients.5G
is significant because it has several benefits over other
Keywords:- Telecommunication Sector, Cell Tower, Internet, wireless technology generations. For starters, it boasts
Wi-Fi System. substantially faster speeds, allowing consumers to accomplish
more with their devices. Additionally, it has decreased latency,
I. INTRODUCTION which implies that using 5G-capable devices will result in less
lag. Since 5G uses less energy than earlier generations,
Today's telecommunications industry is expanding its telecom companies can reduce their energy costs. Overall, 5G
global networking efforts, and in order to do so, they are represents a significant advancement for the telecom sector. It
developing new systems. [2] like the 2G, 3G, and 4G provides greater reliability, lower latency, and higher speeds.
networks. They have recently been focusing on the 5G All of which are necessary for the upcoming creation of new
Network system. The majority of nations have access to and services and applications. [7]
are using the 5G network. For these reasons, the
telecommunicationsindustry uses a lot of towers to cover the III. DESCRIPTION OF CELL TOWER
ground and connect individuals to the network. Our primary
goal is to connect the area by building a shortage tower. [2] A. What is cell tower?
This essay demonstrates how to do so using this mathematical Cellular networks have revolutionized communication by
concept. The development of 5G wireless technology holds making wireless connectivity ubiquitous. At the very center of
the potential to transform the telecom sector and alter how we these networks are cell towers, which transmit and receive
live and work. [2] [3] This article examines how 5G will affect wireless signals as relay stations. [9] [10] Cell towers are the
the telecom sector, which will have a significant impact on linchpin of a robust wireless communication infrastructure,
almost every part of our life. The advent of 5G will alter how allowing for seamless voice and data transmissions across vast
you communicate. [3] It will have an impact on how we use geographical areas. [11]
our phones and tablets, as well as how your home
entertainment system operates. Numerous new improvements Cell towers consist of a number of crucial components
that are not conceivable without 5G will be made possible by that collectively enable wireless communication. The key
it. [4] The next generation of wireless communication, 5G, is components consist of the antenna system, transceivers,
undergoing a tremendous shift in the telecoms sector. The "G" basebandprocessing apparatus, power supply, and backhaul
connections. Transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF)

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Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
signals is the responsibility of antennas, while signal the benefits and drawbacks of using cell towers to broadcast
modulation and demodulation is handled by transceivers. Wi-Fi networks, casting light on the potential implications for
Baseband processing equipment processes signals, manages wireless connectivity. Alternative methods for delivering Wi-
network protocols, and enables mobile device connectivity. Fi networks are being investigated due to the proliferation of
Power supply system’s guarantee continuous operation, and wireless devices and the demand for ubiquitous connectivity.
backhaul connections connect the tower to the network core. [18] Utilizing existing cell tower infrastructure is a promising
[1] [11] method for extending Wi-Fi coverage and providing
dependable connectivity to a larger number of users. This
A cell tower's primary function is to provide network paper investigates the rationale behind using cell towers to
coverage and connect mobile devices to the cellular network. broadcast Wi-Fi networks, emphasizing the benefits and
The extent of a tower's coverage area, commonly referred to as drawbacks of this strategy. The Internet is a medium that
a cell or sector, can vary based on terrain, population density, allows for the dissemination of information. The entire globe
and frequency allocation. Multiple cell towers are strategically at once. The internet has brought the world into our hands
positioned to form a network of overlapping coverage areas, nowadays. We need to understand this because of the internet,
allowing users to travel between cells without interruption. which we are familiar with. Additionally, to using the many
Cell towers optimize network efficiency and assure service activities also use the internet. This website is the primary
quality by regulating signal strength, handoffs, and traffic vehicle for achieving the pinnacle of contemporary society. [2]
allocation. [13] There are a few. Today's innovations and creative ideas are
being daily growth was observed. The advent of the Internet a
There are numerous varieties of cell towers, with few years ago. We utilized it with the assistance of a wire we
macrocells, microcells, picocells, and femtocells being the named Broadband (Ethernet) line. This form of media is still
most common. Typically, towering structures with antennas, in use. However, Ethernet only allows one user to utilize a
macrocell towers provide coverage for expansive areas. device at a time. However, many individuals will be able to
Microcells, picocells, and femtocells are designed for utilize these items because router devices allow several users
localized coverage in interior environments, densely populated to use multiple devices simultaneously. [19] The main cause
areas, and specific building deployments. Population density, of development is that attempts are being made to introduce
traffic demand, network capacity, and geographical innovation as well as an increase in consumer demand brought
considerations influence the placement of towers. [15] on by the internet. There are urban and rural areas in every
The deployment and capabilities of cell towers have been nation. Both urban and rural areas exist in Bangladesh. When
significantly influenced by the development of wireless we look at our country's metropolitan areas, we see that people
technologies. The transition from 2G to 3G, 4G, and 5G have many opportunities there that rural folks do not. Rural
networks necessitated the installation of new towers and the residents are typically denied access to breakthrough
improvement of extant infrastructure. Particularly, 5G technologies. The majority of individuals in our nation use
networks rely on denser implementations of smaller cells to Ethernet, or broadband line. Some people use the prepaid and
deliver higher data rates, lower latency, and enhanced network postpaid systems that the corporation offers. However, many
capacity. [1] [2] [15] are now interested in using the internet via router systems
because they wish to utilize multiple devices or multiple
Cell towers are essential components of the wireless devices that are being used by several users at once. Figure
communication infrastructure because they allow for global illustrates how the Ethernet and router systems function. We
connectivity and meet the ever-increasing demands that are create the phone to converse with those who are far away. [2]
placed on mobile networks. [9] [17] It is vital to have an Then it was altered after the invention of the mobile phone. In
understanding of the architecture, functioning, and order for people to communicate intelligently with persons
deployment concerns of cell towerto maximize the who are far away or close by, the telecommunications industry
performance of a network, ensure that there is no disruption in must produce and provide signals. Network Tower was
connectivity, and keep up with the changing requirements of employed by the telecommunications industry to provide this
wireless communication in the digital age. signal to the user. Our system uses a controller to manage the
server, which connects directly to the Wi-Fi Network Tower
B. Why do we use cell towers to broadcast Wi-Fi? to generate the internet. [1] The main step begins once the
This research paper investigates the rationale behind internet is available for use. It connects to the tower and gives
transmitting Wi-Fi networks via cell towers. Despite the fact the user access to the internet. For security reasons, we will
that cell towers are predominantly associated with cellular provide a system for logging in. Through the login process,
communication, utilizing their infrastructure for Wi-Fi users will connect their gadgets to the internet. Data will be
deployment offers numerous advantages, including increased kept in the system and under the controller's control. The
coverage, reduced costs, and simplified network management. majority of network tower types were employed in the
[18] However, this strategy also presents interference, telecommunications industry. [1]
scalability, and compatibility issues. This paper investigates

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Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Rooftop refers to a network tower that is installed on a is also employed here. [2] The network tower developed and
roof, whereas green field refers to a network tower that is offers the user this technique. Although not an easy process, it
installed in an open space. The internet is currently used by is a useful system for improved communication. They used it
the telecommunications industry. [1] They are utilizing the to connect users to the internet. The telecommunications
network towers for this. The work of internet service provider industry also considers those individuals who cannot find a
networks and mobile network towers is slightly different, but Wi-Fi infrastructure to connect their devices, therefore they
it is consistent with the work process. Recently, the 2G and 3G purchase data packages. Users purchase data to utilize the
systems have been developed in our nation's telecom sector. internet, and they can do it with ease. Though it was first
They employed this for long-distance coverage. Systems, both designed for residents of rural areas, the system is currently
2G and 3G. For, this system is very beneficial improved used by all users. [1]
communication. The 2G system has a long range. [1] Through
this method, calling other live individuals is simple. In a far IV. UTILIZING CELL TOWERS FOR WI-FI
location from them. Wireless is the name of this procedure. BROADCASTING OFFERS THESE BENEFITS
Process of voice communication. Use of the 3G system
UMTS. EDGE and UMT (Universal Mobile Telecom  Extended Coverage: Cell towers are strategically placed to
System). As a result, video call procedure, we can. provide coverage over a wide area for cellular
Additionally, HSDPA (High Speed both HSUPA (High Speed communications. Utilizing these towers for Wi-Fi
Uplink Packet) and DL Packed Access and HSUPA (High broadcasting expands coverage to areas where traditional
Speed Uplink Packet Access). This method makes Wi-Fi access points may not be practicable or affordable.
downloading simple. The LTE (Long Term Evolution) system [2] [3]

Table 1: Structure of Tower

Name Height
Green Field 34m + Outdoor
Roof Top 32m + Outdoor
Roof Top/Green Field 29m/32m + Outdoor
 Infrastructure Reuse: Utilizing existing cell tower  Compatibility and Standards: For seamless integration
infrastructure reduces the need for additional infrastructure and interoperability, it is essential to ensure compatibility
deployment, resulting in cost savings and faster network between cellular and Wi-Fi technologies, such as by
deployment. [1] addressing differences in frequency bands and network
 Simplified Network Management: Cell towers are protocols. [6]
already equipped with robust administration and  Infrastructure Limitations: For efficient Wi-Fi
monitoring systems, allowing for simplified network broadcasting, the power supply, backhaul capacity, and
management. Integrating Wi-Fi broadcasting into the antenna configurations of the existing cell tower
existing tower infrastructure simplifies network infrastructure may need to be addressed. [15]
administration and maintenance of separate systems. [21]
 Seamless Handovers: By leveraging cell tower Utilizing cell towers for broadcasting Wi-Fi networks
infrastructure, Wi-Fi networks can seamlessly transfer offers various advantages, including extended coverage, cost
connections between cellular and Wi-Fi networks, savings, improved network management, and seamless
providing mobile devices with uninterrupted connectivity. handovers. However, difficulties relating to interference,
[22] scalability, compatibility, and infrastructure restrictions must
be carefully addressed to ensure optimal performance and a
V. DIFFICULTIES AND CONSIDERATIONS seamless user experience. By identifying and overcoming
these problems, using cell towers for Wi-Fi broadcasting can
 Interference: Coexistence challenges may arise when play a crucial role in expanding wireless access and fulfilling
operating Wi-Fi networks and cellular networks on the the growing demands of digital communication. [18]
same tower, potentially resulting in interference issues that
can affect network performance. [3] VI. OPTIMIZING CELL TOWER SETUP FOR
OPTIMAL WI-FI COVERAGE: STRATEGIES
As the number of connected devices grows, the AND CONSIDERATIONS
scalability of Wi-Fi networks deployed on cell towers ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
becomes a crucial factor. For optimal performance, the
tower's capacity and the number of simultaneous Establishing a cell tower to disseminate Wi-Fi networks
connections must be carefully managed. [5] necessitates the strategic configuration of multiple elements to
ensure optimal coverage. This paper explores the essential
considerations and strategies for installing a cell tower to

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
maximize Wi-Fi coverage, including placement, antenna IX. FORMULA
selection, transmission power management, and interference
mitigation strategies. To estimate the coverage area of a cell tower, we can use
the following formula:
VII. METHODS FOR OPTIMAL CELL TOWER
INSTALLATION Coverage Area = π × (Distance)^2

It is essential to identify the optimal location for the cell Where π is the mathematical constant pi (approximately
tower. Population density, geographic terrain, and building 3.14), and distance is the maximum distance from the tower at
structures must be taken into account to ensure broad coverage which the signal strength is still sufficient for reliable
and minimize obstacles that may impede signal propagation. communication. Let's assume that a cell tower has a transmit
power of 40 watts and is equipped with a directional antenna
 Choice of Antenna: Choosing the proper form of antenna with a gain of 18 dBi (decibels relative to isotropic). The
is crucial for attaining the desired coverage pattern. Omni- tower is also located on a high point, such as a hill or a tall
directional antennas radiate signals in all directions, building, giving it an effective height of 50 meters above
whereas directional antennas direct the signal in a specific ground level. Using a radio propagation model, we can
direction. The selection depends on variables such as estimate that the maximum distance from the tower at which
coverage area, desired range, and potential sources of the signal strength is still sufficient for reliable communication
interference. [1] is approximately 15 kilometers. Plugging this value into the
 Transmission Power Management: To achieve a balance formula above, we get:
between coverage and interference, it is essential to adjust
the transmission power of the cell tower. Optimizing Coverage Area = 3.14 × (15 km) ^2 = 706.5 square
power levels helps prevent unnecessary signal overspill kilometers
and reduces the likelihood of interfering with adjacent
networks. Also, to offer seamless coverage over greater areas,
 Interference Mitigation: Interference from other Wi-Fi wireless operators frequently employ a network of connected
networks, electrical devices, or physical structures can cell towers. This is referred to as a cellular network, and it
reduce network coverage. Techniques such as channel enables wireless devices to change towers as they move from
selection, frequency planning, and interference-avoidance one place to another while keeping an ongoing internet
mechanisms such as beamforming can be used to reduce connection.
interference and improve Wi-Fi coverage.
X. CONCLUSION
To achieve optimal coverage when transmitting Wi-Fi We have mostly focused on our papers, which provide
networks through a cell tower, [1] meticulous planning and internet access throughout the world via Wi-Fi network tower
implementation are required. Crucial aspects of the setup systems, and we have created limitation network towers for
procedure include optimizing tower positioning, selecting the region to provide indemnity. Our primary focal split is
suitable antennas, managing transmission power, and this. We divided the work in order to achieve our job goal and
mitigating interference. By employing effective strategies and complete our mission. We started by tackling the limitation
taking into account these key factors, operators can construct area. Following that, we worked on city before moving on to
cell towers that provide optimal Wi-Fi coverage, thereby diverge. However, our mission or objective is to expand the
meeting the wireless connectivity demands of the present day. user base while providing internet to all nations. Additionally,
VIII. METHODS FOR OPTIMAL CELL TOWER we discussed network tower fetch and the Wi-Fi network
INSTALLATION tower system to determine which tower is most effective at
providing internet access. Because the internet and people are
Typically, a few kilometers around the tower, a cell both essential to our world, if this system succeeds,
tower can help provide wireless internet service within a employment growth will also increase. Each job requires
constrained geographic area. Many cell towers would need to access to the internet. People will always use the internet if it
be strategically placed to cover as much ground as possible in is created. For this reason, we also want strong power plants
order to offer service for a full nation. The height of the tower, that continuously supply electricity. This approach is quite
the frequency of the signal, the transmit strength of the effective for better communication and professional
antenna, the topography, and nearby obstructions are just a development, although more research is needed on this topic.
few of the variables that affect a cell tower's coverage area. As [1]
a result, a single cell tower may effectively cover an area of
about 700 square kilometers. Many cell towers would need to
be strategically placed to cover as much ground as possible in
order to offer service for a full nation.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
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