The Impact of Long Working Hours On The Nurses and His Performance at Work at Hussein Mustafa Pediatric Hospital

Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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The Impact of Long Working Hours on the

Nurses and his Performance at Work at Hussein
Mustafa Pediatric Hospital
Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences
High Nursing Science
Batch (3)
A Thesis Research Submitted in Partial Fulfill Requirements for the

Bachelor Degree in Nursing Program
Prepared by :
Kawther Khalid zakiadin
Supervisor :
Dr.Hala Shamseldin
Mohmmed Eltyeb
IJISRT24FEB668 www.ijisrt.com 1431

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DEDICATION
For the source of strength of my life my mother and father.
For those who had been the wind beneath my wings until I complete this work.
My brothers and sister.
For those I love and respect my friends and college.
For the candles that lighting my way my teachers.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Foremost all, our thank to our God before and after.
I acknowledge Dr Hala Shamsadin my supervisors for their guidance and useful comment.
I would like to appreciate the encouragement I received from my colleagues, also like to remember many other people who
contributed either directly or indirectly in my research although I have not mentioned their names, thank you for every support
you accorded research.
Lastly, and most importantly, I wish to thank my mother who devoted her life to see our success I dedicate this research to
her and to my father.

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ABSTRACT
 Introduction :
Iong working hours is killing hundreds of thousands of people years, and one of the reason of unhealthy behaviors
associated with working overtime such as increase alcohol consumption and lack of exercise in addition employees
working long hours may not have the time to seek proper medical treatment when they fall ill.
 Objective:
The aim of this study is to know the effect of long working hours on nurses in terms of their effect on their sleep, and
whether working hours cause them to make mistakes during work and their impact on their lifestyle as well.
 Method:
A descriptive study in Hussein Mustafa Children's Hospital, in which about 50 nurses working in the hospital
participated for long hours,Data analysis manually and computerized using (Microsoft Office Excel.
 Result:
This study found that about 50% of the participants in this study are not satisfied with working long hours, and
about 62% make a lot of mistakes, and these mistakes are that about 87% are late in providing nursing care, and 78%
suffer from insomnia, 86% suffer from fatigue, in addition to affecting their performance. Their lifestyle represented that
56%Of the nurses who suffer from constipation, 98% do not eat meals regularly 54% do not drink enough water.
 Conclusion:
Long working hours greatly affect the nurses, and this effect is represented in dissatisfaction with work, the impact
on daily life and their performance at work It also causes insomnia and fatigue and affects their lifestyle represented by
sitting for long hours, not drinking enough amounts of water, not eating meals and getting constipated.

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LIST OF CONTENTS
Number of Title Title Page

1 Dedication 1432
2 Acknowledgment 1433
3 Abstract 1434
4 List of content 1435
5 List of abbreviation 1438
6 List of table 1436
7 List of figure 1437
8 Chapter one Introduction 1439
A. Introduction 1439
B. Problem Statement 1439
C. Justification 1439
D. Objective 1439
9 Chapter two Literature review 1441
A. Literature review 1441
10 Chapter three Research methodology 1444
11 Chapter four Result 1445
A. Result 1445
12 Chapter five Conclusion and Recommendation 1459
 Conclusion 1459
 Recommendation 1459
References 1460
Appendix 1462

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LIST OF TABLE
Number Title Page

1 Age 1445
2 Gender 1445
3 marital status 1446
4 Qualification 1446
5 duration that spent at work for long hours 1447
6 years of experience 1447
7 how many hours do you spend at work 1448
8 do you feel satisfied with work for long hours 1448
9 what at the reasons that you have to work for long hours 1449
10 how far do you cause long working houes of problem 1449
11 what is the best for you 1450
12 do long working hours causes mistakes at work 1450
13 If yeas the mistakes is 1451
14 do you feel that your sleep is normal 1451
15 how much dose it sleep during working hours 1452
16 do you suffer from insomnia after long working hours 1452
17 If yeas -do you use the sleeing pills 1453
18 do you suffer from fatigue during long working hours 1453
19 do you have sufficient energy to work 1454
20 do you feel physically and mentally tired during working hours 1454
21 Do you take stimulants such as coffee and tea, during working hours 1455
22 how much cup of coffee is drink during working hours 1455
23 do you sit for long hours during work 1456
24 do you suffer from the costipation 1456
25 Do you eat meals regularly during working hours 1457
26 what is the amount of water they drink during working hours 1457

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LIST OF FIGURE
Number Title Page

1 Age 1445
2 Gender 1445
3 marital status 1446
4 Qualification 1446
5 duration that spent at work for long hours 1447
6 years of experience 1447
7 how many hours do you spend at work 1448
8 do you feel satisfied with work for long hours 1448
9 what at the reasons that you have to work for long hours 1449
10 how far do you cause long working houes of problem 1449
11 what is the best for you 1450
12 do long working hours causes mistakes at work 1450
13 If yeas the mistakes is 1451
14 do you feel that your sleep is normal 1451
15 how much dose it sleep during working hours 1452
16 do you suffer from insomnia after long working hours 1452
17 If yeas -do you use the sleeing pills 1453
18 do you suffer from fatigue during long working hours 1453
19 do you have sufficient energy to work 1454
20 do you feel physically and mentally tired during working hours 1454
21 Do you take stimulants such as coffee and tea, during working hours 1455
22 how much cup of coffee is drink during working hours 1455
23 do you sit for long hours during work 1456
24 do you suffer from the costipation 1456
25 Do you eat meals regularly during working hours 1457
26 what is the amount of water they drink during working hours 1457

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations Phrase
WHO World health organization
ILO International labor organization

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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
A. Introduction
B. Problem Statement
C. Justification
D. Objective
A. Introduction
The health care provider work under viraty shift work to cover the care require by the patient and stander working hours
may different from country to country and health system (1-2-3).
The normal working hours is about 6-8 hours will make employees productive and make them concentration because
working time arrangement, adequate sleep , strong physical and mental health is important in maintain health and worker safety
(4,5) but long working hours increase risk for reduce performance in job and causes wide range of chronic disease , fatigue , and
effect in level of concentration , judgment , mood , which may be reason for increased injury and medical errors could harm the
patient (6,7)
Long working hours not only effect in nurses health but have an effect in the patient outcome and increases the risk for work
related to errors and nosocomial infection (8,9) and the study found that working overtime regardless length of original shift
increases the nurse chance of making at least one error (10)
According to the study by the world health organization and international labour organization long working hours lead to
745,000 death from stroke and ischemic heart disease in 2016, and another study conducted by the researcher at university of
Pennsylvania approximately 40% present of all hospital nurses shift exceed 12 hours with increases opportunities for nurses to
make mistakes (11,10)
In the result of Sudanese study about the impact of night and shift work on the health of the nurse found that nurses are
expose to long working hours suffer from acute cumulative fatigue , prolonged period of continuous wakefulness this is
physiologically disruption is associated with decrease performance and increase errors (12)
B. Problem Statement
Long working hours is the serious health hazard and is killing hundred thousand of people a years because the health care
organization often have to provide patient care around clock(13,5) according to the study by the world health organization and
international labour organization organization long working hours lead to 745,000 death from stroke and ischemic heart disease
in 2016 and another Sudanese study about the impact of night and shift work on the health of the nurse found that nurses are
expose to long working hours suffer from acute cumulative fatigue , prolonged period of continuous wakefulness this is
physiologically disruption is associated with decrease performance and increase errors so it has become a hot topic in health care
(11,12).
C. Justification
Long working hours become amjor health problem facing nurses today because nurses play avital role in the health care
industury, care for all patient and condition becaus health care must be available at all hours, long working hourse influenced in
both patient and nurses ,it also increases the suffering of nurses ,which is negatively adverse patient outcome.
D. Objective
 General Objective
 Assessment the impact of long working hours on the nurse and job performance.
 Specific Objective
 To evaluation the effect of long working hours in the nurses health

 To assess if nurse are satisfy with long working hours.
 To determine the factor that makes nurses work long hours.
 To Assess if Long Working Hours Causing the Following:

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 *Sleep Loss
 *Fatigue
 *Medical Errors
 *Change Lifestyle.

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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Literature Review
 Working Hours
Is period of time that person spends at work or paid labor and had described as working hours per days, week ,or month
(2,14,15).
 Maximum Working Hours

Is the maximum number of hours that must be worked or refer to maximum working hours of an employee. The employee
cannot work more than the level specified in the maximum working hours labor (14,15).
 Stander Working Hours:

Stander working hours or(normal working hours) refer to legislation to limit the working hours per week ,month ,or years
,and stander working hours of countries worldwide are around 40-48 hours per week and 6-8hourse per days in Sudan the official
of work hours 48 hours per week and 8 hours per days will make employee productive and make them to concentrate balancing
both family and work ,life by devoting adequate time for family and social(15,3).
 Working Time Arrangement:

Balanced working time arrangement are shown to reduce of absentee and staff turnover, improve employees attitudes and
translate into better organization performance ,working time arrangement in health sector have an impact on worker safety and
health, personal outcomes and organizational performance terms of patient outcomes, these arrangements could also reduce
diminished capacity to manage workload job dissatisfaction ,burnout ,absenteeism and poor service delivery and productivity
longer shift (working 12 hours or more ) longer weekly hours of work (40 hours per week ),insufficient breaks overtime ,and on-
call hours have been linked to adverse nursing injuries, physical discomfort, and accidents. Lengths and weekly work hours
should be regulated in order to prevent potential negative impacts on both nurses and patient.
 Work Schedule
Work schedule insult of time periods when employees expected to work or are the time pattern that employees follow on the
job, atypical nurse schedule that can differ based on number of hours, irregular world schedules and work overload may also
contribute to work-family conflict within the predominantly female health workforce which could lead to lower level of
satisfaction in work and life.
 Common Shift Working Terms and Patient:
 Rotating Shift:
Working pattern of days and nights this refer to the speed and direction in which worker change shift can be forward (from
morning to afternoon to night shift) or backwards rotating (the reverse of forward).
 Night Shift:
Typically starts anywhere between 8pm and 10pm runs for 10-12 hours.
 Split Shift:
This involves the shift being splits into parts for example; worker may work the first part of the shift between 6am-10am and
later part between 4pm-8pm.
 12 Hours Shift:
12 hours shift e is worked instead of the more traditional eight hours shift arrangement.
 Evening Shift:
Typically 2pm-10pm, but in part -time work fewer hours than stander working hours 5pm-9pm.
 Early Morning:
Typically 7am-3pm or 8am-4pm shift.
 Three - Shift System:

The day is divided into three working periods of eight, hours each-morning, afternoon and night.

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 Double Days/Two Shift:
This is normally two shifts of eight hours each, for example 6am-2pm and 2pm-10pm shift are usually alternated weekly or
over longer intervals.
 Continental Shift:
This is continuous three - shift system that rotates rapidly: for example three mornings, then tow afternoon, then two nights.
 Over Time:
Working more than full time hours in week based on needs. (14,15).
 Long Working Hours:

Is defined as working 9hourse or more in any one 24hourse period and also it the time that is equal or exceed 48hourse week
or can is recognized as working for length of time which exceed standard working hours.(17,2)
Long working hours is killing hundreds of thousands of people years, and one of the reason of unhealthy behaviors
associated with working overtime such as increase alcohol consumption and lack of exercise in addition employees working long
hours may not have the time to seek proper medical treatment when they fall ill(11,18) ,particular shifts exceeding 10-12 hours
has been linked to negative health effects among staff ,such as rescued mental health, sleepiness and fatigue , and overweight
,diabetes ,depression, anxiety, increase risk of chronic disease, at the same time ,increased shift length has been tied to negative
patient consequences ,such as higher risk errors among nurses (19),the U.S department of labor found that increased time lost to
absenteeism and increased injury ,and it usually required 3hourse of work to produce and addition 2hourse of productivity,
nursing research has shown that increased work hours raise the likelihood of adverse event and errors in health care(20)
 The Risk Associated with Long Working Hours
 Sleep Disorder
Anormal duration for sleep is about 7-8h per night,which can lower the riske of myocarial infarction, cerebro cardiovasculare
diaeas, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressue as well as reducing working injuries and mistakes(21).
Shift worke sleep disorder is acircadian rhythm sleep disorder ,characterized by sleep problem,persistent difficulty with sleep
onset,duration, consoldation or quality ,long workinf hourse lead to sleep deprivation and also may lead to major health concern
,the condition may negatively impact the worker professional performance and put them at higher risk of commiting and error or
being involved in work place accident (22) nurses suffer from insomnia more often than other health care proffessionals and a
quarter of shift worker nurses are sufferng from shift work sleep disorder (23,24) ,among intensive care by unit (Guerra PC
Oliveira NF, Terreri MTdeSELRA, et al )showed that 59% among evening shift workers complained of severe sleeplessness and
42% reported insomnia (25).
 Work Fatigue
Long working hourse act as direct stressor duto cumulative fatigue also they act as ,fatigue is frequently cited as amajor
cause of shift work intolerance in many studies on shift work and fatigue, fatigue is defined and operatipnalised in deffernt way,
for example in termsOf increased sleepiness ,and reduce alterness fatigue is seen as subjective sensation with cognitive and
behavioural components further more we will only deal with fatigue persistent over aperiod of several days also called prolonged
fatigue(26,27), nurses work for a long time without regular breaks and therefore experiencse increased fatigue. (28)
 Obesity and ،Change in Life-Style

The effect of long work hours on the lif-style of aperson should be clarified .mor over,if working long hours increases work
stress and effect on life-style such as sleep pattern and regularity of daily life and meals(29)
Obesity is amodifiable risk factor for arry of health problems including, cardiovascular diseas type 2diabets certen cancer
proprtion of diseas burden and death world wid, resulting from changes in living and working enviroment,long working hourse
and working over time may increase the risk of weight gain and to obesity by reducing time for exceptsis ,fostering unhealthy
habites ,leading to positive energy balance, and subsequently to weight gain(30, 31) working long hours increases work stress and
effect on life-style such as regularity of daily life and meal(29) ,Other study show that shift workers commonly complain of
gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, gas, constipation, change in appetite, indigestion, and heartburn (32)
 Work Errors and Injury

Occupational injuries represent amajor public health problem(33) , some studies have detected evidence of arelation
between long working hours and increased risk of occupational injury among worker(34) , another study found that injuries
usually occrred during urgent interventions and following long working hours increasing the sharp and needl stick injury among
nurse(35) ,multipl studies have shown astrong association between long working hours and development of various injury and
illnes(36).

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Extended work period and long working hours are associated with advers effect on patient safty in hospital and increasing
accident and neuropsychological deficites among nurse(37),accourding to study published in journal of health affairs examined
nearly 400 nurse and more than 5,300 shifts ,the participating health care Reported 199 error and 213 near error during study
period ,more than half of thes involved medication adminstration ,nurse working shifts of 12,5 hours or more are three times mor
likely to make errrors than nurse working shorter shift (38) Longer work duration increased the risk of errors and near errors and
decreased nurses' vigilance, and nurses had over 3 times the odds of making an error when working 12 or more hours, compared
with 8.5-hour shifts.(39, 40)
 Work Stress
The job stress experienced by health-care worker significantly affects the quality of medical services provided ,occupational
stress in nursing is worldwide(41), Extended and odd working hours may lead to many physiological problems in employees
which may lead to stress during work(42) , some study have demonstrated that long work hours controbut to psychological stress
and work stress, prolonged job stress, prolonged job stress affects the mental health lead to sppression immun
system,deterionation of memory(43).
 Job Performance
Longer working hours for hospital nurses are associated with adverse outcomes for nurses. Some of these adverse outcomes,
such as high burnout, may pose safety risks for patients as well as nurses (44), and also shift work and long working have a
negative impacts hours and reported that shift work and long working hours increase risk for reduced performance on the job,
nurses workng shfts of≥12h were moremore likely to experience job dissatisfaction (45,46)

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CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Study Design:
A descriptive hospital base study
 Study Areas:
Algadarif is one of the 18 states of Sudan. It has an area of 75,263 km² and an estimated population of approximately
1,400,000 (2000), and is located in the eastern part of the former Kassala region, between latitudes 12 and 17 degrees north, and
longitudes 34 and 36 degrees east. It is bordered on the northern and western sides by the states of Khartoum and Gezira, and on
the eastern side by the state of Kassala and the Sudanese-Ethiopian border, and from the south by Sennar state, The number of its
localities is 24, which were later reduced to sixteen (16), which are: 1. The city of Gedaref, 2. The rural center of Gedaref, 3. The
rural area of Al-Sabbagh, 4. The rural area of Shawak, 5. The rural area of Lakdi, 6. The rural area of Islam, 7. The rural area of
Al-Shawak. Kassab, 8. Rifi Quraisheh, 9The state is characterized by vast land suitable for agriculture, and the largest projects for
rainfed agriculture in Sudan, is considered important for food security in Sudan's strategic center,
 Study Setting:
Gadarif Hussein Mustafa Pediatric Hospital Founded on 1/11/2009,Border by faculty of medicine and health ,and gadarif
hospital emergency , the hospital includes 10 departments or wards ( waiting ward + steam + HDU + emergency accidents +
neonatal ward + general ward + diarrhea ward + kalazar ward + inflammatory ward + nutrition department ) ,it also has
laboratory lab and blood bank in addition to the statistics office , and also two pharmacies one is emergency and commercial
pharmacy , it also contains a isolation room and rest room of doctors , where the number of fixed nurse is 70 , and number of
collaborators is 51 , and there are 6 unit of specialist doctors , and payment of wages by ministry of finance. Study population:The
study subjects included in the detailed assessment were selected as only.
 Study Population
The participants of this study consisted of nurses, who were respondents of the questionnaire. They were randomly selected
from the workforce of the hospitals included in the study
 Study Period :
The study carried out during period from 1ST of JULY to 1ST december in 2021.
 Sample Size:
The total coverage taken for the available nursing during the period of study from July to Octoberer in Arabic language
include nurse socio demographic characteristic.
 Sample Size and Sample Technique:

Conveyance sample in 50nurse ware selected proportionally from general population.
 Method of Data Collection :
 Data Collected by :
Self Administered Questionnaire filled by the nurses in Arabic language include nurse socio demographic characteristic.
 Method of Data Analysis :

Data analysis manually and computerized using (Microsoft Office Excel).
 Ethical Considerations
The research, and their consent was informed and obtained from algadarif University faculty medicine and health science
nursing science program and permission obtaine from the administrations of the Hussein Mustafa pediatric hospital , and verbal
consent from the nurses after explaining the purpose of the study and benefit.
 Inclusion Criteria:-
All nurses who more than stander hours during the study period
 Exclusion Criteria:
All nurses who work stander working hours

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CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Result
Table 1 Age
Age Frequent Percentage
20-30years 27 54
31-40years 18 36
above 40 years 5 10
Fig 1 Age
 Fig show that the age distribution of nurse participated in this study the younger population in the rang 20-30 formed the
majority (54%)of participant ,the age group of 31-40 formed(35%) whil the age group above 40 is formed (10%).
Table 2 Gender
Gender Frequent Percentage
Male 6 12
Female 44 88
Fig 2 Distribution of the Study Participant According to Gender
 Fig shows that the majority of nurse participated in this study are femal (88%), (12%) are male.

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Table 3 Marital Status
Marital Status Frequent Percentage
Unmarried 32 64
Married 17 34
absolut 1 2
Wido 0 0
Fig 3 Marital Status
 Fig show that (64%) who work for long hours are not married, (34%)are marraied and about (2%) are wido.
Table 4 Qualification
Qualification Frequent Percentage
diploma 39 78
Bachelor 7 14
Master 0 0
Other 4 8
Fig 4 Qualification
 Fig show that (78%) are diploma holder ,(14%)bachelor holder , and (8%) orher certificat.

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Table 5 Duration that Spent at Work for Long Hours
Duration that Spent at Work for Long Hours Frequent Percentage
month-years 9 18
2-3years 11 22
4years and above 30 60
Fig 5 Duration that Spent at Work for Long Hours
 Fig show (60%) of nurse have been work long hours more than 4years,(22%)work long hours for 2-3years ,and (18%) work
long hours for month to 1year.
Table 6 Years of Experience

Years of Experience Frequent Percentage
1-5years 23 46
6-10years 17 34
11-20years 6 12
20years and above 4 8
Fig 6 Years of Experience
 Fig show (46%) of nurse have been work for 1-5years , (34%) work for 6-10years,(12%)work for 11-20,and (8%) work mor
than 20 years.

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Table 7 How many Hours do you Spend at Work
How many Hours do you Spend at Work Frequent Percentage
9-12 hours 0 6
13-16 hours 50 100
17-24 hours 0 0
Fig 7 How many Hours do you Spend at Work
 Fig show that (90%)of nurse participat in this study are work about 13-16hours ,(6%) work 9-12 hours ,and (4%) work 17-
24hours.
Table 8 Do you Feel Satisfied with Work for Long Hours

Do you Feel Satisfied with Work for Long Hours Frequent Percentage
Yes 25 50
No 25 50
Fig 8 Do you Feel Satisfied with Work for Long Hours
 Fig show that half (50%)of nurse who work long hours are satisfied with working long hours, and (50%)not satisfied with
working long hours.

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Table 9 What at the Reasons that you have to Work for Long Hours
What at the Reasons that you have to Work for Long Hours Frequent Percentage
to increas your income 2 4
Distriburion schedule within hospital 34 64
lack of employees 14 28
Fig 9 What at the Reasons that you have to Work for Long Hours
 Fig show that (64%)of nurse in this study working long hours du to distribution schedule within hospital,(28%) work long
hours du to lack of employees,(4%) work long hours to increas their incom.
Table 10 How Far do you cause Long Working Houes of Problem

How Far do you cause Long Working Houes of Problem Frequent Percentage
in your performance to work 4 8
in your dialy life 30 60
(a-b)together 16 32
Fig 10 How Far do you cause Long Working Houes of Problem
 Fig show (60%)of nurse participat in this study long working hours effect their daily life,(32%)long workibg hours effect
their daily life and work performance.

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Table 11 What is the Best for you
What is the Best for you Frequent Percentage
Working for long hours 20 40
Working for short hours 30 60
Fig 11 What is the Best for you
 Fig show that (60%) of nurse in this study perfer to work short hours,and (40%)perfer to work long hours.
Table 12 Do Long Working Hours causes Mistakes at Work

Do Long Working Hours causes Mistakes at Work Frequent Percentage
Yes 31 62
No 19 38
Fig 12 Do Long Working Hours causes Mistakes at Work
 Fig show that (62%) they make mistakes during long working hours,they don't make mistakes during long working hours.

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Table 13 If yeas the Mistakes is
If yeas the Mistakes is Frequent Percentage
give the patient wrong medication 3 9.7
give patient wrong dos 1 3.3
delay in providing nursing care 27 87
Fig 13 If yeas the Mistakes is
 Fig show that (87%) of nurse participat in this study they are delay in providing nursing care,(9,7%) their mistak are giving the
patient wrong drug,(3,3%) giving the patient wrong dos.
Table 14 Do you Feel that your Sleep is Normal

Do you Feel that your Sleep is Normal Frequent Percentage
Yes 16 32
No 34 68
Fig 14 Do you Feel that your Sleep is Normal
 Fig show that (68%) of nurse they feel that their sleep is not normal after long hours, and (32%)they feel that their sleep is
normal after long working hours.

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Table 15 How much dose it Sleep During Working Hours
How much dose it sleep During Working Hours Frequent Percentage
4-5hours 32 64
6-7hours 5 10
mor than 8hours 13 26
Fig 15 How much dose it Sleep During Working Hours
 Fig show that (64%) of nurse sleep around 4-5hours about long working hours, (26%)sleep above to 8 hours, and(10%) sleep
around 6-7 hours.
Table 16 Do you Suffer from Insomnia after Long Working Hours

Do you Suffer from Insomnia after Long Working Hours Frequent Percentage
Yes 39 78
No 11 22
Fig 16 Do you Suffer from Insomnia after Long Working Hours
 Fig show that(78%) suffer from insomnia, and (22%)not suffer from insomnia.

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Table 17 If yeas -do you use the Sleeing Pills
If yeas -do you use the sleeing pills frequent Percentage
Yes 3 7.6
No 36 72.4
Fig 17 If yeas -do you use the Sleeing Pills
 Fig show (72.4%) they do not use sleeping pills, and( 7,6%) use sleeping pills.
Table 18 Do you Suffer from Fatigue During Long Working Hours

Do you Suffer from Fatigue During Long Working Hours Frequent Percentage
Yes 43 86
No 7 14
Fig 18 Do you Suffer from Fatigue During Long Working Hours
 Fig show that(86%) feel with fatigu during long working hours,(14%) not feel with fatigu during long working hours.

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Table 19 Do you have Sufficient Energy to Work
Do you have Sufficient Energy to Work Frequent Percentage
Yes 27 54
No 23 46
Fig 19 Do you have Sufficient Energy to Work
 Fig show (54%) they do not have enough energy to work long hours,(46%) have enough energy to work long hours.
Table 20 Do you Feel Physically and Mentally Tired During Working Hours
Do you Feel Physically and Mentally Tired During Working Hours Frequent Percentage
Yes 39 78
No 11 22
Fig 20 Do you Feel Physically and Mentally Tired During Working Hours
 Fig show (78%) they feel physically, mentaly ,and psychologically tired, and(22%)not feel mentally, physically, and
psychologically tired.

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Table 21 Do you Take Stimulants such as Coffee and Tea, During Working Hours
Do you Take Stimulants such as Coffee and Tea, During Working Hours Frequent Percentage
Yes 35 70
No 15 30
Fig 21 Do you Take Stimulants such as Coffee and Tea, During Working Hours
 Fig show (70%)of the participants in this studt drink stimulant such as coffee and tea,(30%)they don't drink stimulant such as
coffee and tea.
Table 22 How much Cup of Coffee is Drink During Working Hours

How much Cup of Coffee is Drink During Working Hours frequent Percentage
1-3cup 32 64
4-5cup 3 6
6-7cup 0 0
Fig 22 How much Cup of Coffee is Drink During Working Hours
 Fig show (64%) drink about 1-3 cups of coffee and tea, (6%) drink about 4-5 cups.

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Table 23 Do you Sit for Long Hours During Work
Do you Sit for Long Hours During Work Frequent Percentage
Yes 43 86
No 7 14
Fig 23 Do you Sit for Long Hours During Work
 Fig show that (86%) they sit for long hours,(14%) not sit for long hours.
Table 24 Do you Suffer from the Constipation

Do you Suffer from the Constipation Frequent Percentage
Yes 28 56
No 22 44
Fig 24 Do you Suffer from the Constipation
 Fig show that (56%)suffer from constipation ,and (44%) not suffer from constipation.

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Table 25 Do you eat Meals Regularly During Working Hours
Do you eat meals Regularly During Working Hours Frequent Percentage
Yes 1 2
No 49 98
Fig 25 Do you eat Meals Regularly During Working Hours
 Fig show that (98%) of nurse participant in this study did not eat their meal regularly during long working hours, (2%) eat their
meals regularly during long working hours.
Table 26 What is the Amount of Water they Drink During Working Hours
What is the Amount of Water they Drink During Working Hours Frequent Percentage
500ml 27 54
1 liter 15 30
2.7 liter 7 14
3.7liter 1 2
Fig 26 What is the Amount of Water they Drink During Working Hours
Fig show that (54%) drink about 500Ml during long working hours,(30%) drink 1 liter during work ,(14%)drink
2,7liter,and(2%)drink 3,7liter

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B. Discussion:-
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of long working hours on the nurse and his performance at work
 Discussion of the Findings

Most of those who participated in the study were working for long hours, about 3-5 years,this study found that about 60% of
workers who work long hours work hours affect their daily lifes, and 32% affect their daily lives and work performance, study
by (Dall'Ora C, Griffiths P, Ball J, Simon M, Aiken LH, 2015 and Caruso CC 2014 ) Their findings confirm longer working
hours and shift for hospital nurses are associated with adverse outcomes for nurses, and increase risk for reduced performance on
the job, also found that working for long hours causes errors for nurse, and the most errors were the delay in providing nursing
care.there are other errors in this study made by nurses during long working hours,Represented in giving the patient the wrong
medication or the wrong dose , study by ( Scott LD, Rogers AE, Hwang WT, Zhang. 2006, and Rogers AE, Hwang W, Scott LD,
Aiken LH, Dinges DF [2004]) found Longer work duration increased the risk of errors and near errors and decreased nurses'
vigilance, and nurses had over 3 times the odds of making an error when working 12 or more hours, compared with 8.5-hour
shifts.
50%of nurse who work long hours are dissatisfaction with long hours and 64% of nurse work long hours due to schedule
distribution within hospital according to the study by DallOra C, GrffthsPBal J , et al) Nurses workng shfts of≥12h were
moremore likely to experience job dissatisfaction
This study found that long working hours cause insomnia for nurses, although the majority of nurses do not use sleeping
pills, and their sleep hours are very short, ranging between 4-5 hours compared to the normal hours of sleep, numerous studies
have reported nurses suffer from insomnia more often than other health care proffessionals and a quarter of shift worker nurses
are sufferng from shift work sleep disorder
This review verifies thata high prevalence of fatigue during working hours among nurses participating,and also 54% of the
nurses do not have enough energy to work for long hours, which is reflected in the represented in providing nursing care ,In the
study by(Dorrian J, Lamond N, van den Heuvel C, Pincombe J, Rogers ) shows that nurses work for a long time without regular
breaks and therefore experiencse increased fatigue.
This study found that long working hours affect the nurse’s lifestyle represented by sitting for long hours, not eating
regularly, consuming small amounts of water, and causing them to become constipated Is similar to other study by ( Maryama
S,and Morimoto K ) found that working long hours increases work stress and effect on life-style such as regularity of daily life
and meal ,Other study show that shift workers commonly complain of gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, gas,
constipation, change in appetite, indigestion, and heartburn

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CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
 Conclusion:-
Long working hours greatly affect the nurses, and this effect is represented in dissatisfaction with work, the impact on daily
life and their performance at work It also causes insomnia and fatigue and affects their lifestyle represented by sitting for long
hours, not drinking enough amounts of water, not eating meals and getting constipated.
 Recommendation:
If the hospitals have the policy of long working hours (16 hours), the nurses should be allowed to take some rest in the rest
room with mutual understanding of co- workers Working hours should be regulated. It should be reduced from sixten hours to
eight hours.
Maintaining eating meals on time, by specifying the times of meals by the hospital administration, and making it obligatory
for nurses to eat meals on time, They should also be educated to drink water regularly.
Counselling and education about way of balancing home and work life should be given Nurses may be allowed by the
Nursing Administrator to participate while preparing the work schedule. It will motivate them and feel appreciated Higher wages
should be provided to compensate for longer working hours.
Education also emphasizes the importance of rest, nutritional food, emotional stability, and a work environment. It will make
them satisfied and committed even though the working hours are longer than usual Conduct periodic evaluations to examine the
impact of work schedules on workers including performance, alertness, sleep, unintentional injury and worker errors.

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APPENDIX

The Impact of Long Working Hours On The Nurses and His Performance at Work at Hussein Mustafa Pediatric Hospital

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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

The Impact of Long Working Hours on the

A Thesis Research Submitted in Partial Fulfill Requirements for the

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My brothers and sister.

For those I love and respect my friends and college.

For the candles that lighting my way my teachers.

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Number of Title Title Page

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Number Title Page

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Number Title Page

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 To evaluation the effect of long working hours in the nurses health

 To Assess if Long Working Hours Causing the Following:

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 Maximum Working Hours

 Stander Working Hours:

 Working Time Arrangement:

 Common Shift Working Terms and Patient:

 Three - Shift System:

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 Long Working Hours:

 The Risk Associated with Long Working Hours

 Obesity and ،Change in Life-Style

 Work Errors and Injury

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 Sample Size and Sample Technique:

 Method of Data Collection :

 Method of Data Analysis :

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Fig 2 Distribution of the Study Participant According to Gender

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Fig 3 Marital Status

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Fig 5 Duration that Spent at Work for Long Hours

Table 6 Years of Experience

Fig 6 Years of Experience

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Fig 7 How many Hours do you Spend at Work

Table 8 Do you Feel Satisfied with Work for Long Hours

Fig 8 Do you Feel Satisfied with Work for Long Hours

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Table 10 How Far do you cause Long Working Houes of Problem

Fig 10 How Far do you cause Long Working Houes of Problem

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Fig 11 What is the Best for you

Table 12 Do Long Working Hours causes Mistakes at Work

Fig 12 Do Long Working Hours causes Mistakes at Work

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Fig 13 If yeas the Mistakes is

Table 14 Do you Feel that your Sleep is Normal

Fig 14 Do you Feel that your Sleep is Normal

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Fig 15 How much dose it Sleep During Working Hours

Table 16 Do you Suffer from Insomnia after Long Working Hours

Fig 16 Do you Suffer from Insomnia after Long Working Hours