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Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp=
2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3 quiet
explanation | more
data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 11.2
nT
Bz: -0.9
nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1110
UT
Coronal Holes: 27 Mar 22
Solar wind flowing from this coronal hole should reach Earth on March 28-29. Credit: SDO/AIA
Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for noctilucent clouds is over. It ended on Feb. 20, 2022, concluding the weakest NLC season in 14 years. The northern season will begin in late May..
Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated at:
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts |
|
Updated at: 2022 Mar 26 2200 UTC
FLARE |
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
CLASS M |
05
% |
05
% |
CLASS X |
01
% |
01
% |
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor
storm, severe
storm
Updated at: 2022 Mar 26 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
40
% |
25
% |
MINOR |
25
% |
10
% |
SEVERE |
05
% |
01
% |
High latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
10
% |
15
% |
MINOR |
25
% |
25
% |
SEVERE |
65
% |
35
% |
|
|
|
|
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HELIOSEISMIC SUNSPOT ALERT: Researchers who use helioseismology to monitor the farside of the sun have detected echoes from a potentially significant sunspot group. It's right here. The active region, whatever it is, will rotate into view early next week. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.
GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G1-CLASS): A CME is heading for Earth. Minor G1-class storms are possible when the storm cloud arrives on March 27-28. Coronagraphs onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) made this movie as the CME left the sun on March 25th:
The CME is faint, but it is moving fast (959 km/s) squarely inside the Earth strike zone. It could deliver a sharp blow to our planet's magnetic field despite its low luminosity in the coronagraph movie.
NASA analysts have modeled the CME's trajectory. Note the yellow dot in the animation below. That's Earth.
If NASA's model is correct, the CME will miss Venus on March 27th before hitting Earth around 0 hours UT on March 28th. For observers in North America, this means the geomagnetic storm could begin after local nightfall on Sunday, March 27th. Photographic auroras could descend into northern-tier US states from Maine to Washington. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.
Note: This is a good time of year for aurora watchers. During weeks around equinoxes, cracks form in Earth's magnetic field, allowing solar wind to enter. Even a weak CME impact can spark a good display at high latitudes. Researchers call it the "Russell-McPherron effect," and it could boost the effectiveness of the incoming CME.
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
TEARDROP INFINITY MOONSTONE: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider the Teardrop Infinity Mooonstone. This one hitched a ride to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research ballooin on March 24, 2022::
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Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Every night, a network
of NASA
all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United
States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software
maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office
calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth
in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics.
Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Mar 26, 2022, the network reported 6 fireballs.
(6 sporadics)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue).
[Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs)
are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that
can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the
known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet,
although astronomers are finding new
ones all the time.
On March 27, 2022 there were 2272 potentially hazardous asteroids.
|
Recent
& Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid |
Date(UT) |
Miss Distance |
Velocity (km/s) |
Diameter (m) |
2022 EE4 |
2022-Mar-21 |
18.1 LD |
16.9 |
32 |
2022 DG3 |
2022-Mar-21 |
18.3 LD |
7.2 |
37 |
2022 FO |
2022-Mar-21 |
11.5 LD |
7.9 |
13 |
2020 SQ |
2022-Mar-21 |
2.8 LD |
6 |
12 |
2022 FJ |
2022-Mar-22 |
8.2 LD |
9.2 |
19 |
2022 EA5 |
2022-Mar-23 |
14.9 LD |
8 |
19 |
2022 FC |
2022-Mar-23 |
1.8 LD |
16.8 |
21 |
2013 BO76 |
2022-Mar-24 |
13.3 LD |
13.8 |
271 |
2022 FH |
2022-Mar-25 |
4.1 LD |
14.8 |
18 |
2022 FD1 |
2022-Mar-25 |
0 LD |
18.5 |
2 |
2022 FC1 |
2022-Mar-25 |
18 LD |
7.7 |
19 |
2011 GE3 |
2022-Mar-26 |
7.6 LD |
7 |
22 |
2012 FX35 |
2022-Mar-26 |
13.7 LD |
5.9 |
25 |
2022 FA1 |
2022-Mar-26 |
0.7 LD |
13.4 |
5 |
2022 FY |
2022-Mar-26 |
1.8 LD |
7.2 |
9 |
2022 FM1 |
2022-Mar-26 |
4 LD |
7.6 |
7 |
2022 FS |
2022-Mar-27 |
2 LD |
14.5 |
13 |
2022 FE |
2022-Mar-28 |
9 LD |
7.2 |
15 |
2022 FF1 |
2022-Mar-29 |
3.9 LD |
6.7 |
6 |
2022 FR1 |
2022-Mar-29 |
4.9 LD |
9.6 |
8 |
2022 EL5 |
2022-Mar-29 |
7.1 LD |
3 |
13 |
2010 GD35 |
2022-Mar-29 |
17.7 LD |
12.5 |
43 |
2022 EK1 |
2022-Mar-30 |
19 LD |
7.6 |
42 |
2022 FL1 |
2022-Mar-31 |
5 LD |
2.6 |
6 |
2020 FW5 |
2022-Mar-31 |
12 LD |
12.9 |
27 |
2022 DX4 |
2022-Mar-31 |
16.7 LD |
6 |
39 |
2007 FF1 |
2022-Apr-01 |
19.4 LD |
12.8 |
155 |
2022 FQ |
2022-Apr-02 |
8 LD |
10.4 |
40 |
2021 GN1 |
2022-Apr-02 |
14.4 LD |
14.3 |
19 |
2016 GW221 |
2022-Apr-02 |
9.8 LD |
5.9 |
41 |
2022 FJ1 |
2022-Apr-02 |
16.5 LD |
5 |
27 |
2022 FL |
2022-Apr-03 |
8.7 LD |
7.3 |
20 |
2022 EN2 |
2022-Apr-04 |
18.7 LD |
5.6 |
39 |
2012 TV |
2022-Apr-05 |
19.2 LD |
18.1 |
32 |
2020 GH1 |
2022-Apr-09 |
16.8 LD |
7.2 |
28 |
2017 TO2 |
2022-Apr-10 |
17.9 LD |
11.6 |
78 |
363599 |
2022-Apr-12 |
19.3 LD |
24.5 |
221 |
2020 TQ6 |
2022-Apr-18 |
13.4 LD |
15.4 |
43 |
2017 UR2 |
2022-Apr-22 |
19.4 LD |
9.3 |
10 |
2020 VN1 |
2022-Apr-25 |
19.3 LD |
2.3 |
9 |
418135 |
2022-Apr-28 |
8.5 LD |
10.4 |
443 |
2017 XO2 |
2022-May-01 |
18.8 LD |
12.4 |
118 |
2017 HG1 |
2022-May-04 |
18.2 LD |
6 |
11 |
467460 |
2022-May-09 |
14.9 LD |
11.3 |
513 |
2019 JE |
2022-May-11 |
4.9 LD |
7.2 |
20 |
2012 UX68 |
2022-May-15 |
2.8 LD |
8.2 |
54 |
388945 |
2022-May-15 |
15 LD |
8.2 |
287 |
2013 UX |
2022-May-17 |
16.8 LD |
16.3 |
141 |
2021 WY |
2022-May-18 |
16.9 LD |
9 |
65 |
Notes: LD means
"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance
between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256
AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on
the date of closest approach.
|
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:
This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.
We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset.
En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:
The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
|
The
official U.S. government space weather bureau |
|
The
first place to look for information about sundogs,
pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
|
Researchers
call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO
is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
|
3D
views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial
Relations Observatory |
|
Realtime
and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
|
information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
|
from
the NOAA Space Environment Center |
|
fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
|
from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
|
the
underlying science of space weather |
|
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