Dear College Board,

We are happy to hear that College Board is eager to support teachers seeking to offer a class that is “representative of the full diversity of United States history.” We appreciate seeing the outline of the required topics that includes AAPI history. We understand that teachers are given “the flexibility to include topics of their choosing.” To incentivize teachers to emphasize AAPI history in their curriculum, we request that a certain percentage of AP US History exam questions be allocated for AAPI history.

We would like to make the following suggestions for inclusion into the AP US History outline of required topics for AAPI History. Many of these are taken from the text of H.R. 2283 :

(1) The United States of America has benefited from the integral role Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have played in our country’s history and contributions to the world (e.g., Wong Kim Ark- established birthright citizenship, Patsy Mink- title VII for gender equality and title IX protection against sex discrimination, first lawsuit for marriage equality in the 1990s from an Asian American and Pacific Islander same sex couple, Tape v. Hurley school desegregation)
(2) The Pacific Island Territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands have unique histories that are often overlooked in American history despite their immense contributions to the United States.
(3) The traditional American K–12 curriculum excludes histories of racist immigration laws relevant to policies today. K–12 social studies textbooks poorly represent Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, overlook the diversity within those communities, and print images of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in stereotypical roles. Although AP US History is typically a class for sophomores or juniors,  changing the curriculum for the test will set a precedent for what is necessary for younger grades.
(4) The Federal Government, through support for educational activities of national museums established under Federal law, can assist teachers in efforts to incorporate historically accurate instruction on the comprehensive history of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and assist students in their exploration of Asian Pacific American history as an integral part of American history.
(5) The history of America’s system of immigration is rife with racism, embedded in goals of hiring workers to work for cheaper wages and labor in heinous working conditions.
(6) Congress has continuously passed anti-Asian laws as the result of the scapegoating of Asian immigrant laborers for the United States economic downturns (e.g. Foreign Miners tax 1852, The Page Act of 1875, Ban on Chinese laundromat licenses 1880, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, The Immigration Act of 1917, The Immigration Act of 1924, the struggles of Filipino veterans seeking recognition for military service alongside the U.S. military during WWII, current USCIS "priority" wait lists for family based immigration applicable to majority Asian immigrants (India, China, Philippines, Vietnam... and Mexico) that artificially suppress AAPI immigration to the U.S.)
(7) The history of pre-colonial Filipino migrants who came to America as early as October 18, 1587.
(8) The history of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in what is now considered to be the United States predates the founding of our Nation.
(9) In 1993, Congress passed a resolution that was signed into law formally apologizing for the United States role in the illegal overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, which resulted in the suppression of the inherent sovereignty of the Native Hawaiian people. A discussion on the historical/current fight for Hawaiian sovereignty would be key here, understanding the fight for statehood and their contested relationship with Asian American identity.
(10) The history of South Asian Americans in the United States dates back to the late 1700s. In 1907, all South Asians in Bellingham, WA were forced out of their homes, dragged off streetcars, and forced out of town or into the city jail.
(11) The processing of Asian American immigrants at Angel Island
(12) Twelve thousand Chinese laborers worked in atrocious conditions to build the Transcontinental Railroad, many dying from harsh weather conditions and the dangers of handling explosives.
(13) The Page Act of 1875 was the United States first restrictive immigration law, which sought to prevent the entry of Asian women perceived as immoral or suspected of prostitution.
(14) After the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 banned Chinese immigrants from immigrating to the United States, Japanese were hired. After the Japanese were banned from immigrating due to the Gentleman’s Agreement of 1907, which halted immigration from Japan, Filipinos were hired under 3-year contracts. Another important topic is the colonization of the Philippines and to consider the pros and cons.
(15) The Immigration Act of 1917 restricted immigration to the United States by barring immigration from the Asia-Pacific zone.
(16) The Immigration Act of 1924 set a national origin quota to deter immigration.
(17)  Filipino farm workers helped found the farm worker labor movement (e.g., Delano Grape Strike, featuring Larry Itliong).
(18)  President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Executive Order 9066 authorized the incarceration of over 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry, two-thirds of whom were American citizens, based solely on race.
(19) Beginning in 1954, the United States displaced over 3,000,000 refugees from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam due to covert and overt United States military operations in Southeast Asia.
(20) The Immigration Act of 1965 made family unification and skills-based migration the bedrock principle of immigration to the United States. This skills-based migration feeds the model minority myth, but there is also nuance at play with the increase of refugees from US initiated military engagements and increase in undocumented immigrants.
(21) Asian Americans in 1968 created a movement for Asian American Studies, for social and economic equality and a redress of past injustices through the Third World Liberation Front strike.
(22) The United States conducted nuclear testing on the Bikini and Enewetak Atoll of the Marshall Islands have made parts of the island nation uninhabitable and caused forced migration and health complications that still impact the community today.
(23) The United States ratified a Compact of Free Association with the Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau enabling citizens of these Pacific Island nations to legally migrate to the United States visa-free while the United States retains certain strategic military rights over their territorial waters.
(24) In the aftermath of the Vietnam War, the Refugee Act of 1980 helped more than 500,000 Southeast Asians gain permanent resident status in the United States within the first decade of its passage.
(25) The Pacific Islander community represents the largest concentration of any ethnic group enlisted in the United States military, as well as representing the highest numbers of casualties in the current wars on terror.
(26) The “model minority” myth and the racial triangulation model perpetuates the stigma of Asian Americans as perpetual foreigners, and such stereotypes are used to pit minority groups against one another.
(27) The pattern of hate crimes and hate incidents directed at Asians and Asian Americans has repeated itself throughout history. (e.g., FBI reported that after 9/11, the hate crimes directed against Muslim, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Americans increased by 1,600 percent throughout the nation; Currently, according to Stop AAPI Hate 1 in 3 AAPI children experienced a hate incident in school this past year).
(28) Asian-American and African-American histories of fighting against oppression and racism are intertwined, from the Black Power Movement of the 1960s that birthed the Asian American Movement to civil rights protests today (e.g., partnership between Black Power and Yellow Peril, important figures engaged in cross-racial solidarity such as Yuri Kochiyama and Grace Lee Boggs).
(29) the economic war that led to the killing of Vincent Chin in 1982. Vincent Chin was beaten to death by out of work autoworkers who mistook him for a Japanese man and blamed the Japan auto industry for the loss of their jobs; They were ordered to pay $3,000 and serve three years' probation, with no jail time.
(30) Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and their allies continue to fight discrimination, racial prejudice, hate crimes, scapegoating, structural racism, economic inequities, and benign and overt omission of the integral role they played in the development of this country.

Thank you again for your efforts to create an AP US History outline and exam that is representative of the full diversity of United States history.
Sincerely,

Make Us Visible NJ
New Jersey Association of Colleges for Teacher Education
Asian Americans Advancing Justice Chicago
AAPI Club, Eastern Regional High School
AAPI Montclair
AAPI Montgomery County (PA)
AAPI Youth Rising
Asian Youth Act
Connecting With Humanity
The Filipino School of New York and New Jersey
Hear Our Voices Magazine
(JEWEL) Joining East & West as Educational Liaisons
Livingston AAPI Youth Alliance
Parents and Children Education Club
Pop The Bubble
Princeton Diversity Discussions
Princeton Mutual Aid
Ridgewood Ambassadors for Global Citizenship
South Asian Mental and Behavioral Advocacy (SAMBHAV)
United Chinese Americans
Westminster Presbyterian Church, Trenton