Buffalo Firsts - Google Drive


1		Buffalo Firsts: A List of Major and Minor Individuals and Events			Compiled by Library Staff Updated April 6, 2024 library@buffalohistory.org
2	First	Date	Description	Unique to Buffalo?	Source

3	African-American architect	1912	John E. Brent (1889-1962), who designed the now-demolished Michigan Avenue YMCA.	N	John Edmonston Brent. www.burchfieldpenney.org/artists/artist:john-edmonston-brent/
4	African-American artist	1857	William H. Simpson (1818-1872), a portraitist	N	"We were in error giving the name...". Buffalo Morning Express, Dec. 28, 1857, p. 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Simpson_(portrait_artist)
5	African-American author	1853	James M. Whitfield (1822-1871) was a poet and barber. He published his first book of verse in 1853.	N	Whitfield, James M. America and other poems. Buffalo, NY: J.S. Leavitt, 1853
6	African-American composer	1839	Frank Johnson (1792-1844), of Philadelphia, who wrote and published The Buffalo City Guards Parade March	N	Brassard, Alexandra. The First Published African-American Composer. William L. Clements Library, 2019. https://clements.umich.edu/the-first-published-african-american-composer/
7	African-American disc jockey	1953	James A. "Ducky" Rice	N	Graebner, William. Coming of Age in Buffalo. Philadelphia, PA: Temple U. Press, 1990, p. 29
8	African-American executive drector of The Buffalo News	7/28/2022	Sheila Rayam	N	"Sheila Rayam is named Executive Director of The Buffalo News." New York Times, July 28, 2022.
9	African-American flight attendant	1957	Ruth Taylor of New York City, whose first flight was from NYC to Buffalo on Mohawk Airlines	Y	Rorty, James. "The first colored air hostess." The Crisis, June-July 1958, p. 339.
10	African-American jury member	1843	Abner H. Francis (1813-1872) impaneled on a jury of the Recorder's Court	Y	"A colored juryman." Buffalo Daily Gazette, Sept. 12, 1843, p. 2
11	African-American librarian	1943	Frances K. Hall (1916-2007) begins her career in librarianship in Buffalo.	N	"Frances K. Hall, first black librarian in city of Buffalo to be certified, June 7, 1916-Aug. 6, 2007." Buffalo News, August 11, 2007
12	African-American man elected official	1934	Sherman Walker (1892-1969) elected to the Erie County Board of Supervisors	N	Taylor, Steven J. L. Desegregation in Boston and Buffalo: The Influence of Local Leaders. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998, p. 36
13	African-American mayor	2006	Byron Brown (b. 1958), sworn in on January 1, 2006	N	"Byron Brown." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_Brown
14	African-American member of the Buffalo School board	1963	Dr. Lydia Wright (1922-2006)	N	African American History of Western New York State, 1935 to 1970. http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/1935-1970.html
15	African-American newspaper	1895	The Afro-American, published on Oak Street. Possibly associated with the Afro-American League. No copies are known to survive.	N	Severance, Frank. The Periodical Press of Buffalo, 1811-1915. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, v.19. Buffalo Historical Society, 1915, p.197
16	African-American NHL player	11/1/1981	Val James (b. 1957) debuts with the Sabres, becoming the first US-born Black player in the NHL.	Y	"Val James." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_James
17	African-American on public TV	1962	Dr. Samuel L. Woodard (b. 1930) of WNED was the first African-American to appear on educational television in New York state	Y	The Crisis, August-September 1962, p. 436
18	African-American playwright	1845	D. Paul Brown's play about slavery is performed at the Eagle St. theater 7 years before the debut of Uncle Tom's Cabin, which is usually called the first anti-slavery play in America. Brown was a barber in Buffalo who had been kidnapped into slavery while visiting New Orleans, and somehow escaped.	N	African American History of Western New York State, 1830 to 1865. www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/1830-1865.html
19	African-American police officer	1918	George C. Sarsnett, appointed to the Buffalo Police Department	N	Buffalo Police Department. History of Black Police Officers. www.bpdthenandnow.com/historyblackofficerpage1.html
20	African-American professional baseball player	1886	Frank Grant (1865-1937). He signed with the Buffalo Bisons in 1886 but was forced out in 1889 when Black players were banned from professional baseball.	N	"Frank Grant." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Grant
21	African-American resident	1792 or earlier	Joseph Hodge (dates unknown) had a trading post and/or whiskey shop near Buffalo Creek. It is possible that he came here to escape from slavery. He may also be the first non-Native resident of Buffalo.	N	Hill, Henry Wayland. Municipality of Buffalo, New York, vol. 1, p. 75. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1923
22	African-American teacher	1897	Ida D. Fairbush (1869-1845) at School 6 Annex	N	Nevergold, Barbara Seals. "The History of Buffalo’s First African American Teacher." The Challenger News, March 1, 2020 https://thechallengernews.com/2020/03/the-history-of-buffalos-first-african-american-teacher/
23	African-American to perform for British royalty	5/10/1854	Soprano Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield (ca. 1820-1876), who started her career in Buffalo, performs for Queen Elizabeth at Buckingham palace.	Y	Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Greenfield
24	African-American woman bus driver	1944	Mildred Belcher Thomas, who was hired by the NFTA and earned an award for 30 years of safe driving	Y	"Mildred Belcher Thomas." https://www.uncrownedcommunitybuilders.com/person/mildred-belcher-thomas
25	African-American woman elected official	1957	Cora P. Maloney (ca. 1905-1961) elected to Buffalo Common Council representing the Masten district	N	"Cora Pleasant Maloney." http://uncrownedcommunitybuilders.com/person/cora-1
26	African-American woman meteorologist	1972	June Bacon-Bercey (1930-2020) at WGR-TV	Y	"June Bacon-Bercey, 90, Pathbreaking Meteorologist, Is Dead." www.nytimes.com/2020/01/07/science/june-bacon-bercey-90-pathbreaking-meteorologist-is-dead.html
27	African-American women's organization	1837	Young Ladies Literary Society	N	"Address, delivered at Buffalo, by one of our young brethren at an exhibition of the Young Ladies Literary Society, December 27, 1837." Colored American, Feb. 3, 1838
28	African-American/Latino baseball manager at the Class Triple-A level.	1969	Hector Lopez is appointed manager of the Buffalo Bisons	Y	"First Negro Pro Baseball Pilot." New York Times, March 22, 1969
29	Air conditioning	1902	Invented by Willis Carrier (1876-1950) at Buffalo Forge Company	Y	"Willis Carrier." www.carrier.com/carrier/en/worldwide/about/willis-carrier/
30	Airmail delivery	09/25/1926	Brought to Buffalo by Lieut. George R. Pond.	N	Buffalo Courier Express, August 20, 1956, p. 4
31	Airplane flight	4/2/1910	Took place at the polo field of the Buffalo Country Club, Main & Bailey. Presently the site of the Grover Cleveland golf course.	N	Fox, Austin. The Country Club of Buffalo: The First 100 years, 1889-1989. Buffalo, NY: Country Club of Buffalo, 1989, p.43
32	Airport	1926	Buffalo Municipal Airport, now known as the Buffalo Niagara International Airport	N	"Airport history." www.buffaloairport.com/about-the-airport/airport-history
33	Allentown Art Festival	1958	Organized by Jason Natowitz, held in September.	Y	"Allentown Art Festival History." www.allentownartfestival.com/about
34	Alternating current, commercial use of	11/26/1886	Adam, Meldrum & Anderson department store	Y	Buffalo Courier-Express Pictorial, June 22, 1958, p.29
35	Apple trees	ca. 1760	Planted at Fort Schlosser on the Niagara River, near the present-day water intakes for the New York Power Authority	N	Turner, O. Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase of Western New York... Buffalo, NY: Jewett, Thomas & Co., G.H. Derby & Co, 1849, p.222
36	Arab immigrants	1894 or earlier	Four Arab families are reported living in a rear house at 398 Seneca Street. It is possible that they were Syrian or Lebanese.	N	"Death in an Arab colony." Buffalo Evening News, April 11, 1894
37	Arab to be naturalized	1896	John Truces of Seneca Street becomes the first Arab immigrant in the US to be naturalized	Y	"Renounced his allegiance." Buffalo Enquirer, April 23, 1896, p. 5
38	Arab-American man elected to public office	2009	Abdulsalam Noman, who is Yemeni-American, elected to represent the First Ward at the Lackawanna city council. He was the first Arab-American elected official in NY State and the second in the country.	Y	"Arab American sworn into office." Buffalo News, January 4, 2010
39	Arab-American woman elected to public office	2021	Amirah Muflahi, who is Yemeni-American, is elected to represent the First Ward at the Lackawanna City Council.	N	"CAIR-New York Congratulates Muslims Elected to New York City, Lackawanna City Councils." https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-new-york-congratulates-muslims-elected-to-new-york-city-lackawanna-city-councils/
40	Architect	1842	Valentine Ream becomes the first person to identify himself as an architect in a Buffalo city directory. Before him, builders were probably functioning in this capacity.	N	Buffalo city directory, 1842, p. 181
41	Art auction	10/8/1858	William Coleman's store, 240 Main Street.	N	Buffalo Express and Daily Democracy, October 4 , 1858
42	Attorney	1806	Ebenezer Walden (1777-1857), who set up an office on Main near Exchange	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.40
43	Automobile delivery service	1898	H.A. Meldrum department store becomes the first retailer to use an automobile to deliver orders to customers.	N	Fitch, Charles Elliott. Encyclopedia of Biography of New York: A Life Record of Men and Women of the Past, v.5, p. 341. New York: American Historical Society, 1916.
44	Automobile garage and service station	12/1/1899	240 W. Utica St. in the former Brown Riding Academy	N	Buffalo Motorist, February 1921, summarized in Antique Auto Club of America Spring Meet program, June 1974
45	Automobile insurance policy	2/27/1898	Issued to Dr. Truman J. Martin of Buffalo, the first in America	Y	"First auto policy sold 110 years ago today." www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2008/02/27/87696.htm
46	Automobile owned in Buffalo	1897	By Dr. V. Mott Pierce (1865-1942), proprietor of World's Dispensary Medical Association.	N	"Buffalonians recall horseless cars of '99; Pierce first owner." Buffalo Times, Feb. 19, 1928
47	Automobile parade	1900	Buffalo Automobile Club organizes Buffalo's first horseless carriage parade.	N	"Automobile club." Buffalo Commercial, July 7, 1900, p. 11
48	Automobile race	8/12/1904	Organized by the Automobile Racing Association at Kenilworth Race Track	N	"Buffalo's record-breaking two-day meet." The Automobile, Volume 11, August 20, 1904, p. 211.
49	Automobile show	3/10/1903	At Convention Hall in Buffalo, the former 74th Regiment Hall at Elmwood and Virginia, designed by Louise Bethune.	N	"Buffalo show opens." Motor World, March 12, 1903, p. 912.
50	Automobile to cross the Peace Bridge	3/12/1927	Driven by engineer Edward P. Lupfer, with Mr. & Mrs. William Eckhert, H.W. Willson, John W. Van Allen, A.J. Dillenbeck, and Reed W. Cady, either as passengers or in a second vehicle	Y	"First autos cross Peace Bridge." Courier-Express, March 13, 1927, p. 1
51	Aviation organization	3/21/1910	Aero Club of Buffalo incorporated, the first in the US	Y	Aviation History Made by the Aero Club of Buffalo. https://archive.org/details/1970buffalonyaeroclubhistory
52	Bakery	1804?	Established by John Despar on Washington St. between Seneca and Exchange	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.38
53	Balloon launch	8/5/1845	Hot air balloon ascension announced at McArthur's Garden, Tuesday evening, August 5, 1845.	N	"Balloon ascension and fire works... Daily National, August 5, 1845, p. 2
54	Bank	1816	Incorporated as the Bank of Niagara, was in business for about 16 years	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason 1884, p.222
55	Baptism, recorded	1812	Mary Tillinghast, baptized at St. Paul's Episcopal Church.	N	St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Baptisms, 1812-1897 [microfilm]. Buffalo, NY: St. Paul's Cathedral, n.d.
56	Baseball game	9/11/1857	Played against a Brooklyn team in a vacant lot at Pennsylvania & Seventh St.	N	"Baseball came to Buffalo in 1857." Buffalo Evening News magazine, Sept. 30, 1961, p.1
57	Baseball team	1850	Buffalo Niagaras	N	Langendorfer, Paul. Baseball in Buffalo. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2017, p.30
58	Basketball team	1895	Buffalo Germans	N	Biesel, David B. Can You Name That Team? A Guide to Professional Baseball, Football, Soccer, Hockey, and Basketball Teams and Leagues. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2002, p.13
59	Basketball team at UB	1916	The University at Buffalo forms its first basketball team.	N	UB Firsts. https://library.buffalo.edu/archives/ubhistory/timelines/ub-firsts.html
60	Beef-on-weck sandwich	Late 19th c.?	Developed by German immigrants in Buffalo. Its history is not well documented.	Y	Cichon, Steve. Buffalo’s Definitive Foods: The Beef on Weck. http://blog.buffalostories.com/buffalos-definitive-foods-the-beef-on-weck/
61	Bicycle	2/25/1869	Tinkham & Huntoon open a velocpede school in St. James Hall	N	"Velocipede school." Buffalo Commercial, Feb. 25, 1869, p.3
62	Black church	1831	Vine Street African Methodist Episcopal, now known as Bethel AME, Michigan & E. Ferry	N	"Bethel History." https://bethelame-bflo.org/about-us/our-history
63	Black swimmer to cross the English Channel	08/25/1981	Charles "Charlie the Tuna" Chapman of Buffalo becomes the first Black swimmer to swim solo across the English Channel	Y	Howley, Elaine K. "The loneliness of the black long distance swimmer." Outdoor Swimmer, October 7, 2020. https://outdoorswimmer.com/blogs/the-loneliness-of-the-black-long-distance-swimmer
64	Black Veterans Memorial	09/24/2022	The first National Black Veterans Memorial was dedicated on Sept. 24, 2022 at the Buffalo & Erie County Naval Park.	Y	"New monument honors service of Black Americans in 12 U.S. wars." Washington Post, October 6, 2022
65	Blacksmith	1798	William Robbins, who had a shop on Main St., probably near the Buffalo River	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.20
66	Boat built in Buffalo	1803	A schooner called "The Contractor," built at Black Rock, by either Norton & Phelps or Porter, Barton & Co.	N	Hill, Henry Wayland. Municipality of Buffalo, New York: A History, 1720-1923, Vol. 1." New York: Lewis Historical pub. Co., 1923, p.97
67	Boat on the upper Great Lakes	1678	Le Griffon, built by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle at the mouth of Cayuga Creek on the Niagara River	Y	"Le Griffon." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Griffon
68	Boat to travel the entire Erie Canal	10/25/1825	The Seneca Chief leaves Buffalo for New York with Governor Clinton aboard to celebrate the completion and opening of the Erie Canal	Y	Colden, Cadwallader David. Memoir: Prepared at the Request of a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York ... New York: W.A. Davis, 1825, p. 333
69	Book published in Buffalo	1812	The French Convert, an anti-Catholic novel published widely in 18th century Europe	N	D'Auborn, A. The French Convert. Buffalo, NY: H.A. Salisbury, 1812
70	Bookstore	1811 or earlier	The first issue of the Buffalo Gazette has a list of books for sale at the Buffalo Bookstore.	N	Buffalo Gazette, October 3, 1811, p. 1
71	Bowling alley	1843	Established by J.C. Cornish at the American Star tavern on Water Street.	N	"Bowling saloon, Water St." Buffalo Courier, April 25, 1843, p.2.
72	Bowling pin setting machine	1947	Invented at American Machine & Foundry in Cheektowaga and first tested in a Depew bowling alley before going on the market	Y	Cichon, Steve. "Buffalo in the '40s: Advances in WNY helped usher in modern era of bowling." Buffalo News, April 16, 2019. https://buffalonews.com/2019/04/16/buffalo-in-the-40s-advances-in-wny-helped-usher-in-modern-era-of-bowling/
73	Brainstorming	1933	Creativity and idea generation technique developed by Buffalo advertising executive Alex Osborn (1888-1966)	Y	"Brainstorming." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorming
74	Brewery	1811	Owned by Joseph Webb in the village of Black Rock	N	"Brewing in Buffalo." https://grogenealogylocalhistory.wordpress.com/2010/08/04/brewing-in-buffalo/
75	Brick building	1806	William Hodge's home & hotel at 1358 Main St. Presently the site of a Burger King restaurant at Main & Utica.	N	Atkins, Barton. Modern antiquities. Buffalo, NY: Courier Co., 1898, p. 14
76	Buddhist temple	1999	Chau Tu Hien Buddhist Cultural Center, 647 Fillmore Avenue, founded by Vietnamese immigrants	N	"First Buddhist Temple in Western New York." https://hwpi.harvard.edu/pluralismarchive/news/first-buddhist-temple-western-new-york?page=7
77	Buffalo Sabres regular season game	10/10/1970	Sabres vs. Pittsburgh Penguins	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.74
78	Burmese grocery store	2010	Lin Asian Market opened by Khin Maung Soe and his wife Thain Hla at 113 Grant Street	N	"Lin Restaurant." www.linrestaurant.com/about
79	Burmese restaurant	2010	Sun Food Market at 1989 Niagara Street, later Sun Restaurant	N	"Sun Cuisines: Burmese, Thai." www.suncuisines.com/about/meet-the-owners/
80	Burmese Water Festival	2005	Took place in the back yard of the International Intitute on Delaware Avenue	N	"Buffalo Burmese Water Festival." https://www.buffalowaterfestival.com/
81	Butcher shop	1808	Opened by Gilman Folsom on Main near Chippewa	N	Atkins, Barton. Modern antiquities. Buffalo, NY: Courier Co., 1898, p. 16
82	Cancer research facility	1898	Now known as Roswell Park	Y	Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. History. www.roswellpark.org/about-us/history
83	Cannabis shop, licensed	2023	Dank 716 opens at 501 Main Street, July 17, 2023.	N	"Buffalo's first cannabis dispensary nears $5 million in sales." Syracuse.com, Jan. 10, 2024, https://www.syracuse.com/marijuana/2024/01/buffalos-first-cannabis-dispensary-nears-5-million-in-sales-a-qa-with-aaron-van-camp-of-dank-716.html
84	Catholic church	1/5/1829	St. Louis Roman Catholic at Main & Edward, also the first German church	N	Riester, Michael A. A Brief History of St. Louis Church. https://stlouisrcchurch.org/about/history/
85	Catholic mass	1821	Conducted by Rev. Kelly of Rochester at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, attended by 5 families	N	Evans, Charles W. History of St. Paul's Church, Buffalo, N.Y. Buffalo, NY: Matthews-Northrup Co., 1903, p. 361
86	Cell phone network	1984	Supposedly demonstrated by Mayor Griffin	N	Thomas Farley and Ken Schmidt. Daily Notes Archive. December 10, 2003. PrivateLine.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20151226213031/http://www.privateline.com/dailynotes/index19.html
87	Cellophane	1924	Not invented here, but first manufactured in the US here. Made at the DuPont plant on River Road, Tonawanda.	Y	E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. Yerkes Plant. https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6c3375j "Cellophane." Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1923, p. 43.
88	Cemetery, private	1807	First known burials took place on the private property of William Johnson, north of Exchange St. & east of Washington St.	N	Devoy, John. A History of the City of Buffalo and Niagara Falls: Including a Concise Account of the Aboriginal Inhabitants of This Region... Buffalo: The Times, 1896, p.102
89	Cemetery, public	9/20/1821	The Holland Land Company deeds to the Village of Buffalo a plot to be used as a public burial ground, called Franklin Square. Today it is the site of Old County Hall.	N	Buffalo city directory, 1836-7, p. 11.
90	Charity Organization Society	1877	First attempt to systematize charity; considered the beginning of the social work profession in America.	Y	Charity Organization Societies: 1877-1893. https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/charity-organization-societies-1877-1893/
91	Chicken wings served Buffalo style	1964	Invented by Teressa Bellissimo at the Anchor Bar	Y	"Buffalo wing." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_wing
92	Child born to settlers	2/1798	Sophia Ransom, born to Asa and Kezia Ransom, near Washington & Quay St. in Buffalo	N	Severance, Frank. Recalling pioneer days. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, vol. 26. Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Historical Society, 1922, p. 323
93	Chinese citizen	1888	Mr. Tong Chuck, naturalized January 10, 1888	N	"The first chinese citizen..." Buffalo Commercial, January 11, 1888, p. 4
94	Chinese restaurant	1897	The earliest recorded Chinese restaurant we could find is H.T. Licht's restaurant, 476 Michigan Street.	N	"Chinese Restaurant." Buffalo Times, October 8, 1897, p. 6
95	Chinese Sunday School	6/1909	First Sunday School for Chinese immigrants established, 515 Michigan Street, by the Lafayette Baptist Church.	N	"For the Chinamen." Buffalo Enquirer, June 14, 1909, p 10
96	Chinese-American baby	4/1904	Named Chin Gim Doc	N	"Chin Wong Foo and the First Chinese Baby Born in Buffalo." Buffalo Times, April 17, 1904. www.archives.nysed.gov/education/chinese-buffalo-buffalo-times-excerpt-1904
97	Chinese-American pilot	1922	Harry Chin, a restaurant owner, qualifies for a pilot's license after testing at Curtiss Field	Y	"Chinaman qualifies as aviation pilot." Buffalo Times, December 7, 1922, p. 31
98	Chocolate served or sold	1813	J.N. Bailey's shop near Main & Exchange	N	"New goods. J.N. Bailey." Buffalo Gazette, June 29, 1813, p.3
99	Church building in Buffalo	1819	A short-lived wood-frame building erected by Methodists at Pearl and Niagara	N	Clarke, Walter. The First Church in Buffalo, Half Century Discourse, Delivered on the Evening of Feb. 3d, 1862. Buffalo, NY: Butler, 1862, p.44
100	Church building in Erie County	1806	A log cabin built by the Society of Friends (Quakers) at Potter's Corners in what is now Orchard Park.	N	Smith, Henry Perry, ed. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol. 1, p. 94. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884.
101	Circus performance	7/21/1823	A caravan arrived at the Eagle Tavern, featuring a lion, elephant, and camel	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County... Vol. 2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.542.
102	City directory	1828	Published by L.P. Crary in the village of Buffalo	N	A directory for the village of Buffalo. Buffalo, NY: L.P. Crary, 1828 https://issuu.com/tbhm/docs/1828directory
103	City to eliminate off-street parking minimums	2016	Buffalo became the first U.S. city to end minimum requirements for off-street parking	Y	Sommer, Mark. "Buffalo's Zoning Code Steps into the 21st Century." Buffalo News, December 27, 2016. https://buffalonews.com/news/local/buffalos-zoning-code-steps-into-the-21st-century/article_a8b81e45-f6f3-526e-99fe-dde988ef9c78.html
104	Coffee break	1902	Barcalo Manufacturing Co. of Buffalo, Louisiana & Kentucky St., instituted the first in the US	Y	"Coffee break started 62 years ago in boiler room in Buffalo." New York UPI, Nov 11, 1965
105	Coffee house	1813	Black Rock Coffee House, operated by Pliny Field, address unknown	N	"Black Rock Coffee House." Buffalo Gazette, December 14, 1813, p.3
106	Coffee, instant	1901	Made its debut at the Pan-American Exposition, invented by Satori Kato, a Japanese-American chemist from Chicago. It was later marketed as Nescafe.	Y	Mariani, John F. Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013
107	College	1836	The Western New York University is incorporated. It is not clear if any classes were ever held before it failed in the Panic of 1837.	N	University of Western New York, Subscription and record book, 1836. Mss. W-55.
108	Color movie shown	2/25/1918	"The Gulf Between," shown at Majestic Theater, Pearl & Genesee	N	"Buffalo International Film Festival." https://web.archive.org/web/20130707084446/ http://www.buffalofilmfestival.com/buffalomovietreasures/gulfbetween1918.html
109	County executive	1960	Edward A. Rath (1907-1968), elected when Erie County replaced its Board of Supervisors system with a county executive system.	N	"Edward A. Rath." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_A._Rath
110	Court proceedings	1808	Landon's Tavern, with Augustus Porter (1769-1849) as judge	N	Atkins, Barton. Modern antiquities. Buffalo, NY: Courier Co., 1898, p. 14 https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100262566
111	Dancing School	1821	Established by W.A. Mosely	N	Buffalo Journal, November 27, 1821, p.4
112	Day care center	1881	Fitch Creche, 159 Swan St, demolished in 1998. Possibly the first in the US.	Y	"Fitch Creche." www.preservationready.org/Buildings/159SwanStreet
113	Democratic Socialist elected	2023	Brian Nowak elected as town supervisor of Cheektowaga, becoming the first Democratic Socialist to win public office in the 8 counties of Western New York.	N	"In Cheektowaga, Nowak's look belies spirit of consensus." Buffalo News, December 9, 2023, p. A1.
114	Desegregation effort in the Buffalo public schools	3/31/1846	Black Buffalonians petition Buffalo Common Council to grant Black children "the same privileges white children enjoy."	N	White, Arthur O. "The Black Movement against Jim Crow Education in Buffalo, New York, 1800-1900." Phylon, vol. 30, No. 4 (4th Qtr., 1969), pp. 375-393.
115	Dewey Decimal System use	1877	Buffalo Public Library (then known as the Young Men's Association) under the directorship of Josephus Larned became the first major library in the US to implement the DDS	Y	Quinn, Mary E. Historical Dictionary of Librarianship. Lanham [etc.] Rowman & Littlefield, 2014, p. 95
116	Diving, first book on	1859	Written by diver John Green (d. 1868), who grew up in Buffalo, and published his book here	Y	Green, J.B Diving with or Without Armor Containing the Submarine Exploits of J.B.Green...1859. http://books.google.com/books?vid=BL:A0018322364..
117	Drive-in theater	8/1/1941	The Buffalo Drive-In, demolished September 2007.	N	Buffalo Evening News, November 12, 1957, p. 26 http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/19073
118	Earthquake	10/23/1857	First one recorded in Buffalo	N	Hubbell, Mark, ed. Buffalo: The city beautiful. Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Truth Co., 1931, p.244
119	Election	3/1/1803	First public election held at Vandeventer's tavern in what is now Newstead	N	Buffalo Courier Express, October 28, 1945, Section 7, p.1
120	Electric power from Niagara Falls	11/15/1896	Used to electrify the streetcar lines	Y	Woodworth, Craig A. "Early Electrification of Buffalo." Engineering and Technology History Wiki, 2004. https://ethw.org/Early_Electrification_of_Buffalo
121	Electric street car	1888	Ran south on Main Street from the Cold Spring barns, conducted by H.J. Curtiss.	N	Buffalo Evening News, March 24, 1936, p. 4
122	Electric streetlights	7/1/1881	Ganson Street	N	Woodworth, Craig A. "Early Electrification of Buffalo." Engineering and Technology History Wiki, 2004. https://ethw.org/Early_Electrification_of_Buffalo
123	Electric vehicles for postal use	7/2/1899	"The first known test of an electric vehicle for mail collection was in Buffalo, NY, on July 2, 1899, when Buffalo’s superintendent of city delivery, driven by an electric car promoter in his Columbia automobile, collected mail from 40 boxes in an hour and a half – less than half the time it took with a horse-drawn wagon."	Y	"Electric Vehicles in the Postal Service." https://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/electric-vehicles.pdf
124	Electrocution, accidental	8/7/1881	George Leonard Smith, intoxicated at the time, grabs onto both generator poles at the Brush Electric Light Plant on Ganson Street, becoming the first human being to be killed by electric shock.	Y	"A young man of this city...". Catholic Union & Times, August 11, 1881, p.5
125	Electrocution, capital punishment	1889	William Kemmler, convicted of murder, dies in the electric chair	Y	Buffalo Courier, May 14, 1889, p.3
126	Elephant	1820	First elephant displayed in Buffalo.	N	Buffalo Evening Times, December 18, 1928, p.8
127	Elevator	1878	Installed in Pierce's Palace Hotel, Porter Avenue near Niagara, which burned down in 1881	N	Hoolihan, Christopher, Comp. An Annotated Catalogue of the Edward C. Atwater Collection of American Popular Medicine and Health Reform. Rochester, NY: U. of Rochester Press, 2004, p. 179
128	Equal pay legislation	1944	Introduced by Winifred C. Stanley (1909-1996) of Buffalo, elected to Congress in 1942	Y	"Winifred C. Stanley." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winifred_C._Stanley
129	Erie County Fair	1820	Held on the site of what is now Phillips Lytle/One Canalside, previously known as the Donovan office building	N	"Erie County Fair." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_County_Fair
130	Execution	1813	Two War of 1812 soldiers executed by firing squad for desertion	N	Atkins, Barton. Modern antiquities. Buffalo, NY: Courier Co., 1898, p. 22
131	Facsimile (fax)	1901	Arrived at the U.S. Patent Office exhibit in the U.S. Government building at the Pan-American Exposition, sent by telegraph from "800 miles away."	N	Barnes, Mabel. Peeps at the Pan-American Exposition, v.1, p.141. Buffalo, NY: The author, ca. 1905. "Pictures by telegraph." Cyclopedic Review of Current History, September 1901, p. 442
132	Ferry across the Niagara River	1796	Established in Black Rock at the site of what is now the Peace Bridge, then moved to the foot of Ferry Street	N	Norton, Charles D. The Old Black Rock Ferry. Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Historical Society, 1879, pp.91-112. www.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/Documents/BlackRockFerry/default.asp
133	Filipino child	6/28/1901	Born at the Pan-American Exposition in the Philippine Village on the Midway. She was the first born in the US.	Y	Albany Medical News, v. XXII no. 8, August 1901, p. 459
134	Fire company	3/7/1817	Organized by the trustees of the village of Buffalo	N	Atkins, Barton. Modern antiquities. Buffalo, NY: Courier Co., 1898, p. 24
135	Flag day celebrated in Buffalo	6/14/1891	Organized by Sara Hinson (1841-1926), the principal at School 31. She is not the founder; Flag Day was reportedly first celebrated in Wisconsin in 1885.	N	"What is Flag Day?" www.history.com/news/95-years-of-flag-day "Sara Hinson." www.forest-lawn.com/blog/2018/06/10/sara-hinson-founder-of-flag-day
136	Food truck	7/20/2010	Where's Lloyd opens for business	N	"10. Years. Ago." @Whereslloyd, Twitter, July 20, 2020.
137	Football game played at Memorial Auditorium	10/16/1937	Colgate vs. Tulane	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.40
138	Football game, American Football League	7/30/1960	Buffalo Bills vs. Boston Patriots, War Memorial Stadium	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.44
139	Football game, National Football League	9/20/1970	Buffalo Bills vs. Denver Broncos, War Memorial Stadium	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.65
140	Football team at UB	1894		N	UB Firsts. https://library.buffalo.edu/archives/ubhistory/timelines/ub-firsts.html
141	Football team, professional	1908	Buffalo Oakdales	N	Griffith, R. D. To the NFL: You Sure Started Somethin' : a Historical Guide of All 32 NFL Teams and the Cities They've Played In. Pittsburg, PA: Dorrance Publishing Co., 2012, p.45
142	Ford Motors sales and service dealership	1932	Ford Sales and Service Station, Main & Lafayette	Y	"Ford Sales Station Opens Here Tuesday." Buffalo Evening News, October 29, 1932, p. 15.
143	Friends (Quaker) Meeting House	1808	East Hamburg (now Orchard Park).	N	"Erie County." Lancaster Times, April 14, `887.
144	Fugitive Slave Act arrest	August 1851	Daviel Davis, a cook on the steamship Buckeye, was captured and beaten by slavecatcher Benjamin Rust. Davis was freed and went to Canada. Rust was fined and returned to Kentucky.	N	Richardson, Jean. Buffalo's antebellum African American community and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. Afro-Americans in New York Life and History, July 1, 2003
145	Garbage reduction plant	1886	"...the disposal was made by placing the garbage in dryers so as to break down the material and drive off the moisture, after which the solids were placed in extractor tanks and the grease recovered by means of a solvent..."	Y	Historia Sanitaria. The first America garbage reduction plant was built in Buffalo, N. Y. https://www.wiki.sanitarc.si/1886-first-america-garbage-reduction-plant-built-buffalo-n-y/
146	Gas light company	1848	Buffalo Gas Works, on W. Genesee St.	N	Buffalo city directory, 1849, p.32
147	Gasoline-powered auto made in Buffalo	1900	A runabout manufactured by the E.R. Thomas Co.	N	Buffalo Evening News, Nov. 20, 1945, picture page
148	Gay bar	1930	Galante's, behind (west of) City Hall	N	www.bar-history.org/
149	German church	1/5/1829	St. Louis Roman Catholic at Main & Edward, also the first Catholic church	N	Riester, Michael A. A Brief History of St. Louis Church. https://stlouisrcchurch.org/about/history/
150	German elected official	1837	Dr. Samuel Dellenbaugh, elected to Common Council	N	Germans of Buffalo. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, vol. 2, 1879, p.144
151	German immigrant	1809	Samuel Helm, who worked as a ferryman	N	William G. Pomeroy Foundation www.wgpfoundation.org/historic-markers/samuel-helm/
152	German organization	5/10/1841	The German and English Literary Society, later renamed the German Young Men's Association	N	Germans of Buffalo. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, vol. 2, 1879, p.133
153	German religious service	1828	A Protestant mass held above Koons & Handel's grocery store on Main St.	N	Germans of Buffalo. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, vol. 2, 1879, p.139
154	Golf course	1894	First golf links were laid out at the Glenny farm on Amherst Street near Colvin.	N	"The first golf links..." Buffalo Courier, November 11, 1894, p. 5.
155	Golf game in public	07/26/1896	Played between the Country Club of Buffalo against the Thistle Golf Club of Rochester at the Country Club of Buffalo and was won by Buffalo.	N	"They played golf." Buffalo Evening News, July 27, 1896, p. 13.
156	Grain elevator	1842	Invented by Joseph Dart (1799-1879) and Robert Dunbar (1812-1890)	Y	"Dart's Elevator." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dart%27s_Elevator
157	Grain elevator, concrete	1906	American Malt & Grain, later known as the Russell-Miller and Peavey elevator.	N	HAER No. NY-249: American Elevator, 1990 https://www.preservationready.org/uploads/HAER-NY-249-AmericanElevator-ny1677data.pdf
158	Grain shipment arrives in Buffalo harbor	1836	Cargo sent from Grand Haven on Lake Michigan.	N	Report of the Federal Trade Commission on the Grain Trade, 1920, volumes 1-4, p. 183. https://books.google.com/books?id=dtBQQBGm38wC&pg=RA1-PA183&dq=Buffalo+grain+trade&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5hfipzL-DAxXyODQIHazYAl84KBDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=Buffalo%20grain%20trade&f=false
159	Greek immigrants	1893	Paraskevas Niarchos, Spyros Niarchos, and Theodore Macheras	N	Historic marker at Main and South Division. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=65920
160	Greenhouse	1838 or earlier	In 1838, Benjamin Hodge advertised for a nurseryman whose duties included tending greenhouse plants, which implies the existence of a greenhouse.	N	"Nurseryman Wanted." Genesee Farmer and Gardener's Journal, January 20, 1838, p. 24.
161	Grist mill in Erie County	1805	Built by Asa Ransom at Clarence Hollow	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol. 1. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason Co., 1884, p.92
162	Hamburger mentioned in a Buffalo newspaper	1893	Intstructs reader to ask butcher to chop beef into "a Hamburger steak."	N	"How to buy meat." Buffalo Evening News, Sept. 25, 1893
163	Hardware store	1818	Weed & Co., was at 284 Main Street	N	"Pioneer businesses of the Niagara Frontier." Buffalo Business, April 1959, p.15
164	Haudenosaunee author	1827	David Cusick (ca. 1780-1831), a Tuscarora. His history of the six nations was first published in Lewiston	Y	Cusick, David. David Cusick's sketches of ancient history of the Six Nations. Lewiston, NY: Printed for the author, 1827.
165	Haudenosaunee curator	1903	Moses Shongo (ca. 1858-1925), a Seneca, was employed by the Buffalo Historical Society (now The Buffalo History Museum) for 12 years. He might be the first Native curator employed by any museum in the US.	Y	"Moses Shongo passes away." Buffalo Times, Sept. 22, 1905, p. 1 Buffalo Historical Society. Reports of the President and Secretasry, submitted at the annual meeting, January 12, 1926, p. 87.
166	Haudenosaunee newspaper	1841	The Mental Elevator, a small periodical published in English and Seneca at the Buffalo Creek Reservation, later at the Cattaraugus Reservation	Y	The periodical press of Buffalo. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, vol. 19, 1915, p.246-247
167	Hebrew day school	9/4/1957	Hebrew Academy of Buffalo, 85 Saranac Avenue.	N	Buffalo Courier Express, Sept. 7, 1957, p. 9
168	Helicopter	1945	Invented in Cheektowaga by Arthur Young and engineers at Bell Aircraft	Y	Fardink, Paul. “The Gardenville Way: The Birth of the Bell Helicopter." Vertiflite, September/October 2015. https://vtol.org/files/dmfile/GardenvilleCeremonies-Fardink1.pdf
169	High school	7/13/1829	The Western Literary and Scientific Academy building still survives at 20 St. Louis Place as apartments	N	"Buffalo's first high school had its own defense program." Buffalo Evening News, April 12, 1941
170	High school yearbook	1910	Oldest surviving is the Verdian, published by Nichols School	N	The Verdian. Buffalo, N.Y: Nichols School. www.worldcat.org/oclc/39127302
171	Hispanic football player	1929	Jess Rodriguez (1901-1983), who played for the Buffalo Bisons. Rodriguez was born in Spain.	N	"Jess Rodriguez." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jess_Rodriguez
172	Hockey game	1/4/1896	Played at Olympic Park, presently the site of the Buffalo Academy for the Visual and Performing Arts on E. Ferry St.	N	"Game of Hockey." Buffalo Commercial, Jan. 4, 1896, p.6
173	Hockey game played at Memorial Auditorium	10/7/1940	AHL Buffalo Bisons vs. NHL Montreal Canadiens	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.34
174	Homicide	7/1/1801	Fatal stabbing of John Hewitt by a Seneca warrior called Stiff Arm George, at John Palmer's tavern, roughly at Main & Exchange	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.23
175	Hospice	1973	Hospice & Palliative Care Buffalo was the first in the US.	Y	"About us." https://www.hospicebuffalo.com/about-us/our-history
176	Hospital	1848	Sisters Hospital, Main at Humboldt Parkway	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol. 2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason Co., 1884, p. 550
177	Ice cream parlor	1835	Mrs. Chalk's pastry shop, 377 Main Street	N	"A card: Mrs. Chalk respectfully informs the public...", Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, April 23, 1835, p. 3, column 3.
178	Indian Restaurant	1935	Chandu's Restaurant, 761 William Street, opened by Frances Gedraitis in late 1935. At some point in the 1950s, Chandu's started mentioning"dishes of India" along with American food in its advertising.	N	"Business Names." Buffalo Evening News, November 19, 1935, p.30
179	Irish church	1837	St. Mary's of the Lake, operating in rented quarters. Later named Immaculate Conception and located at Elmwood & Edward.	N	Licata, Elizabeth. "Irish in Buffalo: An overview." Buffalo Spree, October 2015. www.buffalospree.com/Buffalo-Spree/October-2015/IrishinBuffalo-An-overview/
180	Irish elected official	1821	Samuel Wilkeson (1781-1848), the leader of the Buffalo harbor project. Elected to the Court of Common Pleas, then served as mayor in 1836.	N	"Samuel Wilkeson." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Wilkeson
181	Irish immigrant	1815	Patrick O'Rourke and his family	N	"Irish American in Buffalo: An Overview." www.buffaloah.com/h/irish/index.html
182	Iron manufacturer	1841	George Tifft, Son & Co, originally founded as the Buffalo Steam Engine Works.	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.239
183	Italian Baptist church	1896	First Italian Baptist Church, now known as the Edison St. Community Church, the first in the US	Y	"Edison Street Community Church." http://www.edisonscc.net/
184	Italian church	1890	St. Anthony of Padua Roman Catholic	N	"St. Anthony of Padua plans centennial celebration." Buffalo News, May 26, 1990
185	Italian immigrant	1848	Luigi Chiesa, shopkeeper at Genesee & Elm, later known as Louis Church	N	Cardinale, Anthony. "Ethnic Heritage Enriches Buffalo." Buffalo News, October 12, 1980
186	Jail	1810	On the site of what is now the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library at Lafayette Squre	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.41
187	Jaywalking arrest	8/6/1920	Robert Smith, age 24, of 94 Potomac Avenue, arrested at Main & Swan Street.	N	"Man 'pinched' for jay-walking." Buffalo Times, August 6, 1920, p.1
188	Jet aircraft	1941	The Bell P-59 Airacomet, manufactured at what is now the Tri-Main building, was the first jet-powered aircraft in America	Y	Aviation History Online Museum. "Bell P-59 Airacomet." www.aviation-history.com/bell/xp59.html
189	Jewish congregation	1847	Beth El, now known as Temple Beth Tzedek on Forest Rd. in Williamsville	N	Landman, Isaac, and Simon Cohen. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia ...: A Reading Guide and Index, vol.2. New York: Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, 1944, p.583
190	Jewish immigrant	1835	Lemuel Flersheim, a German teacher	N	Landman, Isaac, and Simon Cohen. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia ...: A Reading Guide and Index, vol.2. New York: Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, 1944, p.583
191	Juneteenth Festival	1976	Organized by BUILD.	N	"June Teenth Celebration." Buffalo Criterion, July 6-12, 1976, p.2
192	Lacrosse league team	1991	Buffalo Bandits	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.126
193	Landmarked building	01/13/1977	Blessed Trinity Roman Catholic Church becomes the first formally landmarked building in the city of Buffalo	N	List of City of Buffalo landmarks and historic districts
194	Lawn mowing machine	1847	Invented by William Ketchum, the first practical lawnmower in the US	Y	Ketchum, William. Improvement in reaping machines. Letters Patent No. 5,189, dated July 10, 1847; Reissue No. 206. dated October 21, 1851. https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/artifact/254602
195	LGBTQ elected official to serve openly	1995	Barbra Kavanaugh, elected to Buffalo Common Council	N	"Out and Elected in the USA: 1974-2004." http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/out-and-elected/1995/barbra-kavanaugh
196	LGBTQ organization	6/9/1970	Mattachine Society of the Niagara Frontier incorporated	N	NYS Department of State Division of Corporations. https://www.dos.ny.gov/corps/bus_entity_search.html
197	LGBTQ person to address a national political convention	July 10-13, 1972	Madeline Davis (1940-2021) of Buffalo was the first openly gay person to address the Democratic national convention in Miami.	Y	Madeline Davis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeline_Davis
198	LGBTQ protest	4/7/1970	Seven activists picket City Hall to protest a raid on the Mattachine Club	N	Iovannone, Jeffry. Gay places with Dr. Jeff: 330 Franklin St. Preservation Buffalo Niagara, [2020]. https://preservationbuffaloniagara.org/blog-post/gay-places-with-dr-jeff-330-franklin-street/
199	Library	1816	The Buffalo Library, founded in the home of Gaius Kibbe. It was succeeded by the Young Men's Association, which, in turn, becamse the Buffalo Public Library.	N	Smith, Henry Perry, ed. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol. 2, p. 530. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884.
200	Lincoln's birthday observance	2/12/1874	Took place at St. James Hall on Eagle St., organized by Julius Francis.	Y	Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, vol. 5, p. 407 Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Historical Society, 1902
201	Lithograph made in Buffalo	1838	A portrait of actress Ellen Tree Kean (1805-1880), published by Hall & Mooney	N	Buffalo Historical Society. Address of the President and Report of the Director Submitted at the Annual Meeting, 1917. p.77
202	Lone Ranger radio progran debuts	10/28/1930	Written by Fran Striker (1903-1962), originally called "Covered Wagon Days." Eventually became a television program and series of novels.	Y	"Covered Wagon Days will open on Monday." Buffalo Evening News, October 25, 1930, p. 30.
203	Lumberyard	1817	Opened by Joseph Lawton	N	Buffalo Gazette, March 25, 1817, p.3
204	Lutheran church	1832	St. John's Evangelical Lutheran, originally on Hickory Street, now at 6540 Main Street in Williamsville	N	Buffalo's first Lutheran church preparing for 100th anniversary." Buffalo Times, Nov. 27, 1932
205	Macaroni/pasta factory	1890	Opened by Louis Onetto (1848-1943) on the Terrace, later on Broadway	N	White, Truman C. Our County and Its People. A Descriptive Work on Erie County, New York. Vol. 2. [Boston]: The Boston History Co, 1898., p.117
206	Mail delivery	1804	A law passed establishing a mail route from Canandaigua to Buffalo, with weekly deliveries	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.36
207	Map depicting Buffalo Creek with that name	ca. 1762	Made by Lt. George Demler	Y	"Map of Niagara River or Straits Between the Lakes Erie and Ontario." In: O'Callaghan, E.B. Documentary History of the State of New York, vol. 2, p. 458 Albany, NY: Weed & Parsons Co., 1850
208	Maternity home	1869	Ingleside Home, closed ca. 1976	N	"Ingleside Home: 75th Anniversary : 1869-1944." [Buffalo]: [publisher not identified], 1944.
209	Mayor	5/28/1832	Ebenezer Johnson (1786-1849) was elected as the first mayor of Buffalo as an incorporated city	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.135
210	McDonald's restaurant in NY State	11/17/1959	Niagara Falls Boulevard in Amherst, NY	Y	"Golden arches came to town 60 years ago this week." Amherst Bee, Nov. 13, 2019, p.5
211	Medical marijuana dispensary	11/2018	Opened at 192 Seneca Street.	N	"Medical Marijuana dispensary coming to Buffalo." https://www.wgrz.com/article/news/health/medical-marijuana-dispensary-coming-to-buffalo/71-609648263
212	Memorial Day observed	5/31/1868	First official observance	N	Buffalo Morning Express, June 1, 1868, p.4
213	Mental health hospital	1860	Providence Lunatic Asylum AKA Providence Retreat, on the grounds of Sisters Hospital	N	Dowdall, George. The Eclipse of the State Mental Hospital: Policy, Stigma, and Organization. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996, p.54
214	Mosque, permanent	1959	Buffalo Islamic Center, 154 Maple Street.	N	"Islamic Center Buys Building." Buffalo Evening News, April 13, 1959, p. 10 "Moslem Dedication." Buffalo Courier-Express, Sept. 21, 1959, p. 12
215	Mosque, temporary	1901	Temple of Ousi, faithful reproduction of the original in Mecca, part of the Streets of Cairo attraction on the Midway at the Pan-American Exposition.	N	"Holy day overlooked." Buffalo Times, May 25, 1901, p. 7.
216	Motion picture filmed in Buffalo	1897	The Edison Mfg. Co. released a series of shorts filmed in Buffalo, each only a few minutes long. Only one, "Buffalo Fire Department," is known to survive.	N	Internet Movie Database www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiO69wlvcm8
217	Motion picture shown in Buffalo	6/8/1896	Shown at Edisonia Parlor AKA Vitascope Hall, in basement of Ellicott Square building, possibly the first space in the world designed and built for the purpose of showing films.	Y	Buffalo Courier, June 8, 1896, p. 11 "Vitascope Hall." http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/20853
218	Motorcycle, commercially available	1900	The Auto-Bi, designed by E.R. Thomas Motor Co. in 1900 and sold on the market beginning in 1901.	Y	"Thomas Auto-Bi." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Auto-Bi
219	Municipal bath house	1897	First city in the US to open city-run bath houses for public health and sanitary protections	Y	International Year Book. Dodd, Mead & Co., 1901, p. 18
220	Music store	1827	James D. Sheppard opened a music store that eventually became Denton, Cottier & Daniels	N	Severance, Frank Hayward. The Picture Book of Earlier Buffalo. Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Historical Sociey, 1912, p.409
221	Musical band	1824	A group of Buffalo villagers formed an unnamed band for social and public occasions	N	Swift, Bruce. "Buffalo's First Band of Music." Niagara Frontier, vol. 3, no. 1, Spring 1956, pp. 14-17.
222	Musical organization	3/29/1820	Musica Sacra, a choral society	N	Musica Sacra. Constitution of the Musica Sacra Society of Buffalo, Organized March 29, 1820. 1820.
223	Musicians	1836	Robert Baron, Thomas Cook, and Henry Varian are listed in the 1836 Buffalo city directory as musicians. No one earning a living as a musician was listed in the two directories prior to 1826, which were 1828 and 1832.	N	1836 Buffalo City directory. https://cdm16694.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/VHB011/id/8679/rec/2
224	Muslim chaplain in the US military	1993	Army Captain Abdul-Rasheed Muhammad of Buffalo	Y	"About Masjid Nu'Man. www.masjidnuman.org/about
225	Muslim congregation(s) or organization	1924/06/24	Satti Majid (1883-1963), from Sudan, founds Buffalo Moslem Welfare Society in 1924.	N	"Sheik from the plains of Araby plans Mohammedan temple here." Buffalo Times, October 12, 1924, p. 5 "Descendent of the great Prophet Mohammed labors here for his countrymen." Buffalo Courier-Express, Sept. 7, 1924, p. 48 "Satti Majid." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satti_Majid
226	Muslim-owned business	1964	Afro-Asian Bookstore, 1412 Jefferson Avenue, owned by Martin Sostre	N	Worthy, William. "Anguish of Martin Sostre." Ebony, October 1970
227	Nation of Islam congregation	1954	"The first meeting incorporating the teachings of Master W. D. Fard by the Honorable Elijah Muhammad took place in Lackawanna, N.Y. at the McQuiller Family House, located at 98 B Albright Court."	N	About Masjin Nu'Man. https://www.masjidnuman.org/about
228	Native American Commissioner of Indian Affairs	1869	Ely S. Parker (1828-1895), a Seneca indian born on the Tonawanda reservation	Y	"Ely S. Parker." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ely_S._Parker
229	Native American playwright	1892	Gowongo (Carrie) Mohawk (1860-1924) was born on the Cattaraugus Territory and wrote Wep-Ton-No-Mah: The Indian Mail Carrier in 1892. She had a career in vaudeville and may also be the first professional Native American actress.	Y	"Gowongo Mohawk." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowongo_Mohawk
230	Native American to play a lead role in a feature film	1913	Jesse Cornplanter (1889-1957) was born on the Cattaraugus Territory and starred in Hiawatha, produced by Frank E. Moore. It was the first film to have a Native cast.	Y	"Jesse Cornplanter." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Cornplanter
231	Newspaper	10/3/1811	The Buffalo Gazette, founded by S.H and H.A. Salisbury. It was published once a week.	N	Birth of Journalism in Buffalo. Buffalo History Musem blog, 2014. https://buffalohistorymuseum.com/2015/10/03/the-birth-of-journalism-in-buffalo/
232	Newspaper, daily	1834	Daily Star was Buffalo's first daily newspaper. First issue was published November 10, 1834. All earlier Buffalo newspapers were published once or maybe twice a week.	N	Severance, Frank "The Periodical Press of Buffalo," p. 267 Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, vol. XIX, 1915
233	Novel published in Buffalo & set in Buffalo	1847	Beardsley, Charles Victims of Tyranny Buffalo, NY: D. June, 1847 Set on the Niagara Frontier during the War of 1812, focusing on corruption in the colonial government in Canada. The author was a Canadian novelist who may not have been able to find a Canadian publisher willing to handle a work that was critical of Canadian government.	N	Oxford Reference. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803115643453;jsessionid=8588100E294B9EE6F25BD8AE5671B680
234	Obstetrics training in a medical school	1850	University of Buffalo	Y	Thoms, Herbert. "James Platt White and Demonstrative Midwifery." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, August 1934, p.287
235	Odd Fellows lodge	11/6/1839	Niagara Lodge No. 25 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows was the first chapter in Western New York.	N	HS1043 .N7 C33 1919 Centennial, 1819-1919 : Independent Order Odd Fellows : Elmwood Music Hall, April twentieth, Buffalo. [Buffalo? : s.n., 1919]
236	Oil refinery	1873	Empire Oil Works, operated by Joseph D. Dudley	N	The Conservationist, March-April 1980, p.17
237	One-way street	1914	Lafayette Square. Eastbound traffic was limited to the north of the plaza and westbound to the south.	N	"Lafayette Square: New Rules for Traffic There." Buffalo Commercial, July 29, 1914, p. 9
238	Opera prima donna	1875	Dr. Elizabeth Cronyn (1852-1921?), trained at D'Youville University and later taught there.	N	The American Catholic Who's Who, p. 30 St. Louis, MO: B. Herder, 1911
239	Operation Santa	1898	Originally begun at the Buffalo Times as a campaign to print childrens' letters to Santa Claus; became a national movement to recruit volunteers answer them in 1909.	Y	Ricca, Brad. "How a scrappy Buffalo newspaper saved Christmas and sparked a movement." Washington Post, December 25, 2023
240	Orphanage	4/24/1837	Buffalo Orphan Asylum, which was nondenominational	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.552
241	Painter, professional	1821	John Lee Douglas Mathies (1780-1834)	N	Krane, Susan. The Wayward Muse: A Historical Survey of Painting in Buffalo. Buffalo, NY: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, 1987, p. 23
242	Palm room	1887	Hotel palm rooms or palm courts, greenhouse spaces filled with palm trees, were pioneered by George H. Lewis, proprietor of the Niagara Hotel on Porter Avenue. Later became a staple of hotel design all over the country.	Y	Lewisiana: A Monthly Inter-Family Paper, October 1903, p. 63
243	Parachute jump	9/8/1888	From a hot air balloon launched at the International Industrial Fair	N	"Notes of the Fair." Buffalo Evening News, September 8, 1888, p.17
244	Parachute production	1919	At Irving Air Chute	Y	"The Irvin Air Chute: Life Preserver of the Air." http://wnyhistory.com/portfolios/businessindustry/irving_air_chutes/irving_air_chutes.htm
245	Park system	1868	Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, originally consisting of Delaware Park, Front Park, and the Parade (now Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Park), connected by parkways	Y	"Buffalo, New York parks system." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York_parks_system
246	Patent issued to a Buffalo man	1827	Granted to David Beard for a washing machine, patent No. 4803X. In 1836, a disastrous fire in the US Patent Office destroyed all patents issued from 1790 to 1836. Only a few thousand of those lost patents have been recovered from other sources. This is one of them.	N	Directory of American Tool and Machinery Patents. https://www.datamp.org//patents/advance.php?pn=4803X&id=33027&set=180
247	Patent issued to a Buffalo woman	1862	Mary P. Carpenter was the first woman in Buffalo to be granted a patent. It was for an Improved Ironing or Fluting Machine, No. 35138	N	Mary P. Carpenter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_P._Carpenter
248	Peace Bridge automobile crossing	3/13/1927	Edward Lupfer, chief engineer, was the first to drive across the bridge when it was completed	N	"Peace Bridge." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Bridge
249	Peace Bridge pedestrian crossing	1926 or 1927	William Eckhert reportedly crossed in 1926 but the newspaper does not give the exact date. Dorothy L. Gantzer of Black Rock was reportedly the first through the pedestrian turnstile, accompanied by Ernest J. Friend.	N	"First to cross on Peace Bridge." Buffalo Times, October 30, 1926, p.10. "Miss Gantzer first." International Gazette, October 29, 1927, p.1
250	Pharmacy & pharmacist	1804	Established by Louis Stephen LeCouteulx (d. 1839) on Exchange St.	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.36
251	Photograph, outdoor	3/10/1850	The ruins of the American Hotel after a fire, Main St. near Eagle	N	Severance, Frank H. The Picture Book of Earlier Buffalo. Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Historical Society, 1912, pp.70,165
252	Photographer	1840	Dr. Elliott Burwell opened a Daguerrian studio at 268 Main St. The first Buffalo photographs were portraits.	N	Craig, John S. Craig's Daguerreian Registry. Torrington, Conn: J.S. Craig, 1994, p. 86
253	Physician	1803	Dr. Cyrenius Chapin (1769-1838) lived on Swan St. and served patients for miles around by traveling on horseback	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol. 2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.29
254	Piano	1811?	Judge Ebenezer Walden (1777–1857) is credited as having the first piano in Buffalo.	N	Letchworth, William Pryor. Sketch of the Life of Samuel F. Pratt. Buffalo, NY: Warren, Johnson & Co., 1874, p. 61
255	Picture of Buffalo	1811	Color lithograph titled View of the Lake and Fort Erie from Buffalo Creek, drawn by E. Walsh of the 49th British Regiment, published in London	N	Severance, Frank H. The Picture Book of Earlier Buffalo. Buffalo, New York: Buffalo historical Society, 1912, p.5
256	Pizzeria	1927	Santora's, 264 Seneca St.	N	DiGiore, Phyllis. "Santora's Pizzeria: A Dynasty." Per Niente, Summer 2013, pp. 4-5. "21 Oldest Pizzerias in America." https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/oldest-pizzerias-in-america-the-21-oldest-pizzerias-in-america
257	Playground	6/29/1900	Public playground established at Public School #31 on Emslie St..	N	Buffalo Courier, June 29, 1900, p. 8
258	Poet Laureate	3/?/2021	Jillian Hanesworth named Buffalo's first Poet Laureate	N	"With ‘fire in the bones,’ Buffalo’s first poet laureate lights the way." https://www.wivb.com/news/local-news/buffalo/jillian-hanesworth-poet-fire-buffalo-first-poet-laureate-lights-the-way/
259	Polish church, Baptist	1894	Church of Our Savior, founded in the basement of Reid Memorial Chapel on William St, presently in Cheektowaga. The first in the US.	Y	"Church of Our Savior Polish Baptist Church." http://poloniatrail.com/location/church-of-our-savior-polish-baptist-church/
260	Polish church, Catholic	1873	St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic	N	"The history: St. Stanislaus B&M Church." http://ststansbuffalo.com/about/about-us/parish-history/95.html
261	Polish elected official	1891	James Rozan, Erie County Board of Supervisors	N	Taylor, Steven J. L. Desegregation in Boston and Buffalo: The Influence of Local Leaders. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998, p.30
262	Polish graduate of UB Medical School	1897	Dr. Frances Fronczak (1874-1955)	N	Memorial and Family History of Erie County, New York: Biographical and Genealogical, vol. 2. New York: Genealogical Pub. Co, 1906, p.71
263	Polish newspaper	1885	Ojczyzna (Fatherland) begins publishing once a week, changed its name to Polak w Ameryce (Pole in America) in 1887.	N	BX4603 .B852 S263 1973, p. 11 Saint Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church One hundred years of grace, 1873-1973 : commemorating St. Stanislaus B. and M. Parish, Buffalo, New York, centennial [Buffalo] : St. Stanislaus, [1973]
264	Polo teams & games	1877	Country Club of Buffalo hosted the first polo games in America. The Buffalo Polo Club was founded at the Buffalo Club.	Y	A memoir: John George Milburn, Jr. Privately printed, 1938 Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.547
265	Pomology conference	9/1848	The first fruit growers' convention in the US was held in Buffalo	Y	"Pomological convention, at Buffalo." Magazine of Horticulture, Botany and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements, December 1848, pp. 535-542.
266	Postage stamp honoring a Buffalonian	1996	Harold Arlen	N	"Famed Buffalo composer gets postal service's stamp of approval." Buffalo News, September 10, 1996
267	Preservation district	3/22/1977	The Delaware District becomes the first locally designated landmark district in the city of Buffalo	N	List of City of Buffalo landmarks and historic districts
268	Presidential visit	8/9/1817	James Monroe, who gave a speech at Landon's Hotel	N	Buffalo Gazette, August 12, 1817
269	Private social club	1/1/1867	The Buffalo Club, founded by Millard Fillmore and others. Still on Delaware Avenue.	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.546
270	Prostitution conviction	1816	Mary Rathbone sentenced to 12 months for "seducing young girls" and operating a "disorderly house."	N	"Monthly sessions." Buffalo Gazette, March 12, 1816, p. 3
271	Public bath house	1897	First free public bath house in the U.S.	Y	Buffalo Evening News, March 1, 1956, section 47, p. 1.
272	Public market	1821	Possibly the Mohawk Street market at the junction of Mohawk, Pearl and Genesee streets, demolished 1882	N	Waring, George E., Jr., comp. Census Reports Tenth Census. June 1, 1880: Social statistics of cities, Part one. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1886, p.498
273	Public park	1804	Niagara Square, laid out by Joseph Ellicott as part of Buffalo's radial street plan.	N	Walkowski, Jennifer. Early history of Buffalo. https://buffaloah.com/h/jw/bflo.html
274	Public performance/ entertainment	9/1/1820	A ventriloquist named Mr. Charles performed in the courthouse	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.542
275	Puerto Rican festival	1969	Grease Pole festival, organized by the Pucho Olivencia Community Center	N	"50th anniversary annual grease pole festival." Panoramo Hispano, July 2019. https://panoramahispanonews.com/50th-anniversary-annual-grease-pole-festival/
276	Puerto Rican immigrant	1901	Julio de Castro (1854-1923), manager of Foster-McClellan Co.	N	Report of the President and Secretary, January 8, 1924, p. 67 Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Historical Society, 1924. "Buffalo Latino History." https://considerthesourceny.org/using-primary-sources/legacies/latino-legacies/buffalo-latino-legacy/buffalo-latino-history
277	Puerto Rican police officer	1971	Paul Russi	N	"New York's Finest." Hispanic Executive, June 16, 2013. https://hispanicexecutive.com/acacia-network/
278	Puerto Rican social worker	1979	Carmen Del Valle (1949-1995)	N	Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia. Indiana University Press, 2006, pp. 202-203
279	Pulitzer prize winner	1958	Editorial cartoonist Bruce Shanks of the Buffalo Evening News for "The Thinker," published on August 10, 1957, depicting the dilemma of union membership when confronted by racketeering leaders in some labor unions.	N	"Editorial cartooning." https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/215
280	Quaker meeting house	1807	Orchard Park, then known as East Hamburgh, NY.	N	Fess, Margret. "Founded by Quakers, Orchard Park Has Distinct Air." Buffalo Courier-Express, Nov. 11, 1960 www.gojp.com/genealogy/documents/willardjolls.html
281	Quaker missionaries	1798	Came from Philadelphia to Buffalo Creek to negotiate the boundaries of the Seneca reservations in Western NY	N	Swatzler, David. A Friend Among the Senecas: The Quaker Mission to Cornplanter's People. Stackpole Books, 2000, p. 18
282	Radio broadcast	4/16/1922	Station WWT	N	"Radio telephony." Buffalo Evening News, April 10, 1922, p. 6
283	Railroad	5/16/1834	Buffalo & Black Rock Railroad	N	Interstate Commerce Commission Reports: Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission, July 1929, vol. 27, p. 618 "1st Train Here -- One Horsepower." Buffalo Evening News, May 14, 1964
284	Regional Planning Agency	1925	The Niagara Frontier Planning Board, created by an act of the New York State Legislature, was the first regional planing agency in the US.	Y	United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Basin Hearings, Part 1, June 17 to July 9, 1941, p. 467.
285	Reinforced concrete structure	1897	The Graystone Hotel, now known as the Berkeley Apartments, 24 Johnson Park. Designed by Carlton Strong, a Buffalo architect. The first in the US.	Y	History of Pittsburgh and Environs. New York: American Historical Society, Inc., 1922, p. 280
286	Religious congregation in Buffalo	2/2/1812	First Presbyterian Church, now on Symphony Circle	N	"When Buffalo installed first minister." Buffalo Evening News, May 3, 1946
287	Religious congregation in Erie County	1807	Clarence United Methodist Episcopal Church, now at 10204 Greiner Rd.	N	"Church rite marks 200th anniversary." https://buffalonews.com/2007/04/23/church-rite-marks-200th-anniversary/
288	Religious service	1/11/1801	Sermon preached by Rev. Elkanah Holmes	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.23
289	Road into Buffalo	1798	Constructed by Joseph Ellicott prior to starting the survey of the Holland land purchase. Ran from Transit Rd. to the Buffalo Creek and was wide enough for wagon use.	N	Hill, Henry Wayland. Municipality of Buffalo, New York: A History, 1720-1923, Vol. 1. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1923, p.82
290	Robot butler	3/2017	The Westin Hotel in Buffalo was the first in NY State to implement a Relay robot to deliver items to guest rooms.	N	"First robot butler in a New York state hotel has unique focus on bringing wellness amenities to guests of The Westin Buffalo." https://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4081915.html
291	Rolltop desk	1882	First patented in the US by Abner Cutler and manufactured by Cutler Desk Company of Buffalo, though it was being manufactured before anyone applied for patents.	Y	"Collector questions: Cutler Roll-top desk." www.kovels.com/collectors-questions/cutler-roll-top-desk.html
292	Saint Patrick's Day observance	3/17/1839	In the home of Mary Lynch O'Rourke, 123 Main Street	N	MacManus, John. Mary Lynch O'Rourke: The Simple Story of an Eighteenth Century Gentlewoman ; Lovingly Inscribed to Her Great-Great-Grandson, John Ridd MacManus. Buffalo, NY: The author, 1903, p. 21
293	Saint Patrick's Day parade	3/17/1849	Organized by the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and the Sons of Erin, with a procession to St. Patrick's Church	N	"St. Patrick's Festival." Buffalo Daily Republic, March 20, 1849, p.2
294	Same-sex wedding, legally recognized, in NY State	7/24/2011	Kitty Lambert and Cheryle Rudd of Buffalo becamse the first same-sex couple to legally wed in NY state	Y	"As the clock strikes midnight, same sex couple says I Do at the Falls." Niagara Gazette, July 24, 2011. https://www.niagara-gazette.com/news/local_news/as-clock-strikes-midnight-same-sex-couple-says-i-do-in-the-falls/article_5db18b14-c1b8-55b0-9870-f384f8ac466b.html
295	Sawmill	1799	Operated by William Johnston on Scajaquada Creek.	N	Hill, Henry Wayland. Municipality of Buffalo, New York: A History, 1720-1923, Vol. 1. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1923, p.83
296	Schoolhouse	1807-1808	Pearl & Swan Street, presently the site of the Dun Building	N	Lindberg, Olga. "How Buffalo raised $157.37 for First Schoolhouse." Buffalo Evening News Magazine, May 7, 1960
297	Sculptor	1846	J. Sangster [possibly James Sangster] of Buffalo, age 14, exhibited a wood sculpture at the New York State Fair.	N	"J. Sangster, boy of 14..." Buffalo Commercial, Sept. 26, 1846, p. 3, bottom left corner.
298	Seneca Constitution	1833	The first Constitution of the Seneca Nation was written at the Buffalo Creek Reservation.	N	Bilharz, Joy. The Allegany Senecas and Kinzua Dam: Forced Relocation Through Two Generations. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1998, p. 16.
299	Settler in Alden	1810	Moses Fenno	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
300	Settler in Amherst	1801	John Thompson	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
301	Settler in Aurora	1804	Jabez Warren, Taber Earle, Henry Godfrey	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
302	Settler in Boston	1804	Charles Johnson	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
303	Settler in Brant	1810	Moses Tucker	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
304	Settler in Cheektowaga	1808	Apollus Hitchcock	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
305	Settler in Clarence	1799	Asa Ransom	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
306	Settler in Colden	1810	Richard Buffom	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
307	Settler in Collins	1807	Jacob Taylor and members of the Quaker Mission	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
308	Settler in Concord	1807	Christopher Stone, John Albro	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
309	Settler in East Hamburg (now Orchard Park)	1804	Ezekiel Smith, David Eddy, and others	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
310	Settler in Eden	1808	Benjamin Joseph, Samuel Tubbs	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
311	Settler in Elma	1827	Taber Earle	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
312	Settler in Evans	1804	Joel Harvey	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
313	Settler in Hamburg	1803	Dydimus Kinney	N	Briggs, Erasmus. "History of the original town of Concord." Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
314	Settler in Holland	1807	Arthur Humphrey, Abner Cumer	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
315	Settler in Lancaster	1804	James and Amos Woodward	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
316	Settler in Marilla	1829	Jerry and Joseph Carpenter	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
317	Settler in Newstead	1802	Peter Vandeventer	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
318	Settler in North Collins	1810	Stephen Sisson, Abram Tucker, Enos Southwick	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
319	Settler in Sardinia	1809	George Richmond, Ezra Nott	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
320	Settler in Tonawanda	1805	Alexander Logan, John King, John Hershey	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
321	Settler in Wales	1806	Oliver Pattengil, William Allen	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
322	Settler in West Seneca	1826	Reuben Sackett	N	Briggs, Erasmus. History of the original town of Concord. Rochester, N.Y: Union and Advertiser Co.'s Print., 1883, p. 104
323	Settlers in Buffalo	ca. 1792	Joseph "Black Joe" Hodges, Cornelius Winney	N	Hill, Henry Wayland. Municipality of Buffalo, New York: A History, 1720-1923, Vol. 1. New York: Lewis Historical pub. Co., 1923, p. 75
324	Shopping mall, enclosed	1962	Boulevard Mall	N	"Mall Hall of Fame." http://mall-hall-of-fame.blogspot.com/2007/07/boulevard-mall-niagara-falls-boulevard.html
325	Shopping plaza	October 1941	University Plaza, 3536 Main at Kenmore Avenue, originally called University Village shopping center	N	"University Village Will Open Oct. 23." Buffalo Evenings News, October 18, 1941, p. 7
326	Sidewalk, paved	1829	Main Street from Exchange to Swan, paved with brick or flagstones.	N	Atkins, Barton. Modern antiquities: comprising sketches of early Buffalo and the Great Lakes, also sketches of Alaska. Buffalo, NY: The Courier Company, 1898, p. 25
327	Skin graft	1854	First successfully achieved by Dr. Frank H. Hamilton (1813–1886) at Sisters Hospital	Y	Dunkle, Colin. "Ten Things That Came from Buffalo: Skin Grafts." BuffaloRising.com, July 16, 2020. https://www.buffalorising.com/2020/07/ten-things-that-came-from-buffalo-skin-grafts/
328	Skyscraper, steel-framed	1896	Guaranty building designed by Louis Sullivan	N	"History: The Guaranty Building." Buffalo Architecture & History. https://buffaloah.com/a/church/28/02ext/
329	Soccer team, professional, indoor	1979	Buffalo Stallions	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.61
330	Social Register	1901	First Buffalo edition published by Mary Lovering	N	Buffalo Evening News Magazine, January 16, 1954, p.5
331	Sound movie shown in Buffalo	1/29/1928	The Jazz Singer	N	Buffalo Evening News, Jan. 28, 1928, p.7
332	Soy-based ice cream	1951	Robert E. "Bob" Rich, Sr., founder of Rich Products, invents and markets Chil-Zert, the world's first commercial soy-based ice cream/frozen dessert.	Y	Shurtleff, William and Akiko Aoyagi. History of Rich Products' Work with Soy Proteins, 2004. https://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/rich_products.php
333	Speed limit law	7/26/1820	No driving faster than a trot within village of Buffalo limits	N	Clinton, George W. A sketch of the early history of Buffalo, 1847. Reprinted in 1862 Buffalo city directory
334	Speeding ticket	6/7/1901	Fred Jones was the first known automobile driver in Buffalo to get fined for speeding.	N	Buffalo Review, June 8, 1901, p.7
335	Sponge candy mentioned in a Buffalo newspaper	1903	Brief instructions for making sponge molasses candy.	N	"Sponge molasses candy." Buffalo Evening News, August 5, 1903, p.3
336	Sports team, professional	1877	Buffalo Bisons baseball club	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.17
337	Steam-powered boat on the Erie Canal	8/6/1858	The Sternberg takes maiden journey from Rochester to Buffalo. It was designed and built in Buffalo.	Y	"Steam on the Erie Canal." Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, vol. 39, 1858, p.377
338	Steamboat on Lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan	5/28/1818	Walk-in-the-water, built in Black Rock. Destroyed in a storm in November 1821.	Y	"Walk-in-the-Water (steamboat)" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk-in-the-Water_(steamboat)
339	Steel frame structure	1895	D. S. Morgan building, Niagara & Pearl, since demolished	N	Buffalo Courier-Express, January 18, 1957, p.1
340	Street paved with asphalt	1878	Delaware Avenue, Virginia to North	N	"Street paving in Buffalo." City Government, September 1896, p. 50. Back cover of City of Buffalo: Its History and Institutions..., Buffalo, NY: Mathews-Northrup, 1888
341	Street paved with stones	1835	East Seneca Street, which was completed just days ahead of Main Street from the foot to Exchange (then called Crow St.).	N	"Seneca Street Paving." Daily Commercial Advertiser, August 27, 1835, p. 4
342	Superintendent of schools	1838	Buffalo was the first city to appoint a school superintendent	Y	Examination of public school system of the City of Buffalo. Albany, NY: University of the State of New York, 1916, p. 28
343	Syrian Church	1904	Dedication of St. John Maron on Seneca Street	N	"The Syrian Church of St. John Maron." Buffalo Courier, June 12, 1904, p. 4
344	Syrian grammar school graduate	1910	Unnaned Syrian boy graduates from School #35 on Swan Street.	N	"School #35." Buffalo Enquirer, June 27, 1910, p. 3
345	Tavern	1798	Kept by John Palmer at what is now the vicinity of Main & Exchange St.	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason, 1884, p.19.
346	Taxes	1816	Assessed and collected in the village of Buffalo	N	Atkins, Barton. Modern antiquities. Buffalo, NY: Courier Co., 1898, p.23
347	Taxicabs	1900	Automobile cab service incorporated, using electric vehicles	N	"Automobile cabs." Buffalo Express, Jan. 22, 1900
348	Telegram	7/3/1846	The Buffalo Commercial Advertiser reports receipt of the first telegram, from Albany, NY	N	Severance, Frank. The Periodical Press of Buffalo. Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, Volume 19, 1915, p. 186.
349	Telephone company	2/1/1879	"Telephonic exchange" installed at Williams block, northeast corner of Main & Eagle.	N	"First users of telephone feted at jubilee." Buffalo Evening News, Feb. 3, 1926.
350	Telephone directory	1880	Bell Telephone Directory of Buffalo Telephone Directory Buffalo, NY: The Company, 1880	N	WorldCat. https://worldcat.org/en/title/23588210
351	Telephone, commercial customer	4/9/1879	Installed at Charles W. Miller's livery at 202 Pearl St.	N	"First Telephone: Bell Thrilled Buffalo 65 Years Ago." Buffalo Evening News, Feb. 26, 1944
352	Telephone, long distance operator	1895	Mrs. Lenoir Rogers Pascall	N	"She made local telephone history." Buffalo Courier-Express, Feb. 25, 1962
353	Telephone, residential customer	1879	George D. Barr, 82 Prospect Avenue	N	"Early subscribers paid $20 a year for telephone." Undated clipping in Ready Reference files, "Buffalo - Firsts," Research Library, TBHM
354	Television broadcast	2/13/1948	By WBEN-TV	N	Buffalo Broadcasters Association. "Buffalo Television." http://www.buffalobroadcasters.com/archives-history/buffalo-television/ Buffalo Evening News, February 14, 1948, section 3, p. 6
355	Television broadcast of a live performer	9/22/1928	Actress Peggy O'Neil (1898-1960) of Buffalo, was the first performer to be broadcast on live TV, in London, England at the National Radio Exhibition.	Y	Tiltman, R.F. "The entertainment value of television to-day!" Television, November 1928, p. 13. https://search.worldcat.org/title/1411107257
356	Television show set in Buffalo	1983	Buffalo Bill, a sitcom set in a daytime talk show at the fictional WBFL-TV station in Buffalo	N	Internet Movie Database. "Buffalo Bill." https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084992/?ref_=nv_sr_5?ref_=nv_sr_5
357	Tennis court	1883	Falconwood Club, Grand Island. Courts were installed at the new clubhouse after the original clubhouse was destroyed by fire.	N	"Falconwood: Description of the splendid club-house in the course of erection on Grand Island." Buffalo Commercial, April 28, 1883, p.3.
358	Theater	1822	The Buffalo Theatre, a short-lived venue near Main & Eagle	N	Smith, H. Perry. History of the City of Buffalo and Erie County, vol.2. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason 1884, p.542
359	Town established in Erie County	3/11/1808	Clarence, NY	N	"About our town." www2.erie.gov/clarence/index.php?q=about-our-town
360	Traffic signals	1919	Prior to the installation of automated signals, traffic was managed by patrolmen using hand and arm gestures.	N	"Today's question: What do you think of the new traffic signal system?" Buffalo Commercial, July 22, 1919, p. 9
361	Transgender person to live openly	1978	Peggie Ames (1921-2000) of Clarence Center	N	Leiker, Louise. “A Transsexual’s Anguish: Alone, Assaulted and Harassed.” Buffalo Courier-Express, May 14, 1978. Iovannone, Jeffry. Gay places with Dr. Jeff: 9500 Clarence Center Rd. Preservation Buffalo Niagara, [2020]. https://preservationbuffaloniagara.org/blog-post/gay-places-with-dr-jeff-9500-clarence-center-road/
362	Tuberculosis hospital	1894	Erie County Hospital, on the grounds of what is now the south campus of the University at Buffalo, was the first TB hospital in America	Y	"The first consumptive hospital in this country." Trained Nurse and Hospital Review, August 1895, p.101
363	Turkey Trot	1896	Oldest continually held footrace in the US, organized by the YMCA	Y	"Buffalo Turkey Trot." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Turkey_Trot
364	Undertaker	1816	Thomas F. Crowley Co., later known as the Gethoefer Funeral Home in North Tonawanda	N	"Pioneer businesses of the Niagara Frontier." Buffalo Business, April 1959, p.15
365	Uniformed militia	1838	Buffalo City Guards, later known as the 37th NY State Artillery	N	Buffalo city directory, 1844, p.37
366	Unionized NFL cheerleaders	1995	The Buffalo Jills became the first cheerleading squad in the NFL to unionize.	Y	"Buffalo Jills" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Jills
367	Unionized Starbucks	12/9/2021	Employees of the Elmwood Avenue Starbucks cafe voted to join a union, becoming the first unionized Starbucks in the US	Y	Thorbecke, Catherine "Starbucks cafe in Buffalo votes to form coffee chain's 1st union in US." ABC News, December 9, 2021 https://abcnews.go.com/Business/nlrb-set-count-votes-starbucks-union-election-buffalo/story?id=81649388
368	Veterans Court	2008	The Buffalo Veterans Treatment Court was the first in the US.	Y	Buffalo Veterans Treatment Court
369	Voting machine	11/7/1899	Invented by Jacob H. Myers, first used in Lockport	Y	Beach, Frederick Converse. The Encyclopedia Americana: A universal reference library ..., vol. 16. New York: Scientific American Compiling Dept., 1904
370	WBFO broadcast	1959	Founded by a group of UB students and faculty.	N	UB Firsts. https://library.buffalo.edu/archives/ubhistory/timelines/ub-firsts.html
371	Webhosting company	2/23/1993	After Five Technology	N	GerlandLLC.com
372	Will in Erie County	1808	Filed by Abner Granger (1735-1817) at Erie County Surrogates Court	N	Liberty Bank. Liberty Trust News, July 1932
373	Woman appointed to a mayor's cabinet	1956	Lucy A. Curley, who served as City of Buffalo treasurer	N	"Lucy Alford Curley, 86, pioneer in city government, politics, dies." Buffalo News, March 7, 1997, p.C-6
374	Woman architect	1881	Louise Bethune (1856-1913), designed the Lafayette Hotel	Y	"Louise Blanchard Bethune." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Blanchard_Bethune
375	Woman assistant coach, full-time, in the NFL	2016	Kathryn Smith for the Buffalo Bills	Y	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.72
376	Woman author	1834	Mary Applebee (b. 1789) was shipwrecked on Lake Erie and wrote an account of clinging to the wreckage for 5 days	N	Applebee, Mary. A narrative of the wreck of the schooner New Connecticut on Lake Erie, Sept. 4, 1833... Buffalo, NY: H.A. Salisbury, 1834
377	Woman chemist	1890	Anne Elizabeth White Carpenter (1868-1964), worked at Schoellkopf Aniline and the New York Car Wheel Works.	Y	Naples, Sasha C. "The Woman Behind the Wheel." Western New York Heritage, v. 24, no. 2, Summer 2022, pp.6-15.
378	Woman commissioned officer in the Marine Corps	1943	Captain, then Major Anne Adams Lentz of Buffalo, who was one of 3 women promoted in the women's reserve.	Y	"Capt. Anne Lentz promoted." Buffalo Evening News, Feb. 10, 1944, p. 21. "A century of solidarity." https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/1601358/a-century-of-solidarity-celebrating-100-years-of-women-serving-in-the-marine-co/
379	Woman conductor of a major American orchestra	1998	Joann Falletta of the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra	Y	"Joann Falletta." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JoAnn_Falletta
380	Woman curator	1873	Mary L. Wilson (1839-?), curator of botany for the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, known today as the Buffalo Museum of Science. Likely the first woman curator of botany in the US.	Y	Battaglia, James. "A biographical profile of Mary L. Wilson." Clintonia: The Magazine of the Niagara Frontier Botanical Society, vol. 37, #2, May 2022, pp. 3-5.
381	Woman cyclist	1869	Mrs. Frank Goodwin, who mastered the velocipede	N	"The velocipede school -- fun this evening." Buffalo Courier, March 3, 1869, p.2
382	Woman detective novelist	1878	Anna Katharine Green (1846-1935)	Y	"Anna Katharine Green." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Katharine_Green
383	Woman director of a major art museum	1910	Cornelia Bentley Sage Quinton (1876-1936) at what is now the Albright-Knox Art Gallery	Y	"Cornelia Bentley Sage Quinton." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelia_Bentley_Sage_Quinton
384	Woman elected to county legislature	1972	Genevieve "Jane" Starosciak (1923-1999). She also served as the first female county clerk in 1974.	N	Tarapacki, Tom. "Starosciak was first in many ways." Am-Pol Eagle, August 19, 2021 p. 11.
385	Woman engineer	1955	Louise Frances Hetzelt Maier (d. 1999) becomes the first woman engineer at Bell Aircraft, possibly the first woman engineer in Buffalo	N	Photo of her in General Subject Collection - Buildings - Factories - Airplane - Bell Aircraft - Employees.
386	Woman governor of NY State	2021/08/24	Lt. Gov. Kathy Hochul of Buffalo, who was sworn in upon the resignation of Governor Andrew Cuomo.	Y	"Kathy Hochul." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Hochul
387	Woman graduate of the UB Pharmacy School	1888	Rosa Schorp (1862 or 1866-1930?)	N	"More About Women Pharmacists." Druggists' Circular and Chemical Gazette, Vol. 40, May 1896, p. 103.
388	Woman graduate of UB Medical School	1876	Dr. Mary Blair Moody (1837-1919).	N	"Mary Blair Moody." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Blair_Moody
389	Woman in the police department	5/2/1887	Margaret Meldrum (1841-1921) appointed as police matron in the Buffalo Police Department	N	"Woman's Work: Duties of the recently appointed police matron." Buffalo Courier, May 15, 1887, p.5.
390	Woman journalist	1880	Jane Meade Welch (1854-1931), who worked at the Buffalo Courier.	N	Willard, Frances Elizabeth, ed. A woman of the century. Buffalo, NY: Charles Wells Moulton, 1897, p. 757. https://tinyurl.com/y7soz2bc
391	Woman juror in a murder trial	1956	Mrs. Phoebe E. Miller	N	Buffalo Evening News, June 20, 1956, p. 64
392	Woman member of the Buffalo Athletic Club		Mary Cass, president of F.N. Burt Co.	N	The Shears, vol. 29, November 1921, p. 173. https://tinyurl.com/28e58a5o
393	Woman member of the Buffalo Historical Society	1866	Maria T. Burwell (died ca. 1877) admitted as a life member to the Buffalo Historical Society, Nov. 1866.	N	"The Buffalo Historical Society." Buffalo Commercial, November 21, 1866,p. 3
394	Woman nominated for public office in Buffalo	1887	Dr. Eleanor Elizabeth Burnside, on the Prohibition ticket, for Superintendent of Education	N	Buffalo Historical Society. Reports of the President and Secretary, Jan. 10, 1922, p. 38
395	Woman photographer	1848	Mrs. Lewis L. Stevens operated a daguerreotype studio at Main & Erie from 1848-1853.	N	Rossi, Dale. Photographing the Queen (City). Limerick, PA: The author, 2000, p. 145. https://worldcat.org/en/title/245536930
396	Woman photojournalist	1901	Jessie Tarbox Beals (1870-1942), hired by the Buffalo Inquirer newspaper	Y	"These are the pioneering women in photojournalism." www.cnn.com/2020/03/06/world/gallery/trailblazers-of-light-women-photojournalists/index.html
397	Woman physician	1855	Dr. Julia P. Mills, homeopathic physician	N	"Buffalo's earliest woman physician, Dr. Julia Mills." Buffalo Morning Express, Feb. 26, 1905, p. 9
398	Woman president of a railroad	1916	Mrs. Melodia Jones (1850-1931) of Buffalo, who succeeded her deceased husband at the Niagara Gorge Railway Company and the Gulf & Ship Island Railroad in Mississippi, the first in the US	Y	"Mrs. Jones of Buffalo First Woman in U.S. to Head Railroad." Buffalo Times, Dec. 31, 1916
399	Woman president of the American Library Association	1911	Theresa Elmendorf (1855-1932) of the Buffalo Public Library	Y	"Theresa Elmendorf." "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Elmendorf"
400	Woman president of the NY State Bar Association	1987	Maryann Saccomando Freedman (b. 1934)	Y	"Maryann Saccomando Freedman." www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/directories/women_trailblazers/freedman_bio.pdf
401	Woman publisher	1837	Sarah Crary (1803-1868), widow of Leonard P. Crary, published a Buffalo city directory	N	A directory for the City of Buffalo... Buffalo, NY: Mrs. Sarah Crary, 1837
402	Woman recipient of the Spingarn medal	1922	Mary B. Talbert (1866-1923) of Buffalo was the first woman to be awarded the Spingarn medal, the highest honor bestowed by the NAACP	Y	"Spingarn Medal." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spingarn_Medal
403	Woman talent scout, full-time, in the NFL	1986	Linda Bogdan (1948-2009) for the Buffalo Bills	Y	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.71
404	Woman telegraph operator	Before 1907	Elizabeth Gertrude Fitzpatrick Sheehan, who worked in the Buffalo Western Union office	N	The Key: Commercial Telegraphers Journal, January 1918, p. 33
405	Woman to address a national political convention	8/30/1843	Abolitionist Abby Kelley (1811-1887) speaks at the National Liberty Party convention, held in Buffalo	Y	Johnson, Reinhard O. The Liberty Party, 1840-1848: Antislavery Third-Party Politics in the United States. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2009, p.1647
406	Woman to win a Nobel prize in medicine	1947	Dr. Gerti Cori of Roswell Park, then Washington University	Y	"Carl and Gerty Cori: A collaboration that changed the face of biochemistry." J Med Biogr. 2021 Aug 29(3):143-148. doi: 10.1177/0967772019866954. Epub 2019 Sep 2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31475888/ https://www.amightygirl.com/blog?p=25497
407	Women's professional football team	10/16/1970	The Buffalo All-Stars, the first women's professional football team in New York State, holds first scrimmage in Delaware Park.	Y	"Girl Gridders Drill Tomorrow." Buffalo Evening News, October 15, 1970, p. 58.
408	Women's professional hockey league team	2015	Buffalo Beauts, one of four founding teams of the National Women's Hockey League	Y	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019
409	Women's professional softball team	1976	Buffalo Breskis, founded by Henry Breski, part of the International Women's Professional Softball League.	N	Tranter, Greg D. Makers, Moments & Memorabilia: A Chronicle of Buffalo Professional Sports. Cheektowaga, NY: Western New York Heritage, Inc. & The Buffalo History Museum, 2019, p.60
410	Women's suffrage parade	06/14/1913	Started at Niagara Square, marched north on Main Street	N	Oversize F129 .B8 B927 p.10 Buffalo Times New Year's Greeting
411	Wood-based paper in America	12/26/1854	Made by John Beardsley, who showed it to the editor of the Buffalo Demokrat on this date. Today we call it "newsprint."	Y	Kane, Joseph Nathan. Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries and Inventions in the United States. New York: H. W. Wilson, 1950, p. 329
412	YMCA Annual Conference	6/7/1854	The first in the US was held in Buffalo.	Y	The Jubilee of Work for Young Men in North America. New York: International Committee of the YMCA, 1901, p. 200
413	Zoning ordinance	12/16/1925	Adopted by Buffalo Common Council	N	"Zoning ordinance soon in effect." Buffalo Times, December 17, 1925, p.32
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415	Short, sharable link:	https://tinyurl.com/TBHM-BuffaloFirsts
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417	Return to The Buffalo History Museum website
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