The Effects of Prebiotics On Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Healthy Individuals
The Effects of Prebiotics On Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Healthy Individuals
The Effects of Prebiotics On Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Healthy Individuals
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- A literature review of the literature has been Prebiotics were administered in an experiment, and the
conducted. With the goal of thoroughly examining and results revealed certain specific alterations in the microbial
tying all the studies already done on the impact of makeup(Denji,2016). Collective data from experiments
prebiotics on the diversity and composition of the gut using animal models and human research has shown that
microbiota in healthy people. 25 articles were selected these factors alter the variety of healthpromoting
for the research project. In accordance with the microorganisms like Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in the
inclusion and exclusion criteria given. The method gastrointestinal tract. The promotion of microbial activity
involved a methodical process of searching, choosing, and growth has positive effects on health and
extracting data, and synthesizing it. The findings of this wellbeing(Daiva Baltriukiene,2022). According to research
research provide important information about how done in specified pure culture fermentation, when inulin
prebiotics affect the variety and composition of the gut supplementation is given to 10 women for 19 days, the
microbiota in healthy individuals. The proband prebiotic amount of Bifidobacteria in the gut microbiota considerably
principles are based on the modification of gut increases. It has been demonstrated that inulin, also known
microbiota via dietary methods. Prebiotics encourage the as fructans, selectively stimulates bacterial growth(Kleesen,
growth or activities of specific bacterial genera and Sykura,2020). By creating a significant amount of butyrate,
species in the gut microbiota in order to boost the host’s resistant starch supports the health benefits. Asparagus,
health. When certain food products with a prebiotic sugarbeet, garlic, chicory, onion, artichoke, wheat, honey,
effect have been employed, preliminary studies have banana, legumes, barley, tomato, rye, soybean, milk, peas,
indicated encouraging beneficial outcomes, including beans, seaweeds, etc. are only a few examples of the foods
changes in the composition of the gut flora. that naturally contain them. The ecosystem of the human
intestine can be entirely altered by prebiotics. Because
Keywords:- Prebiotics, Gut Microbes, Microbiota, Gut prebiotics’ fermentation products are acids, they change the
Bacteria, Human Gut, Gastrointestinal Tract, Gut Flora, pH of the gut and affect the composition of the gut
Colonic Fermentation, Microbiome, Prebiotic Concept, microbiota(Dorna Davani-Davani,2019). A diet high in
Microbial Diversity, Microbial Composition prebiotics, particularly inulin, oligosaccharides, and
oligofructose, has also been shown to support the growth of
I. INTRODUCTION lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gut microbiota. As was
already said, prebiotics are fermented by bacteria to form
Prebiotics are non-digestible food items that have SCFAs, which affect cellular processes by activating G
positive effects on the host by encouraging the growth of a protein-coupled receptors and lowering pH, both of which
small number of bacteria there. Prebiotics are a family of prevent pathogenic bacteria from growing.
dietary compounds that are characterized by their ability to
promote the activity and growth of bacteria in the According to studies, prebiotics can be regularly
gastrointestinal flora, hence improving host consumed to sustain the favorable alterations in the
health(Akanksha Nirmal,2022). Incorporating prebiotics microbiome. Native microorganisms, including some
into a daily diet promotes specialized bacterial growth and species’ development and enzymatic activity, are entirely
functionality, which modifies the gut microorganisms. responsible for the microbial diversity in an
Prebiotics are fermented by the controlled microorganisms environment(Alma Cruz,2021). Resistance starch and the
into short chain fatty acids, which have a number of positive raffinose family of oligosaccharides are examples of
health effects(Ashwini priyadarshini, 2022). Prebiotics are prebiotic carbohydrates that support bacterial
consumed to regulate gut flora, which creates SCFAs that growth(Sangam Dwivedi,2014). According to the study by
are good for lowering blood sugar, reducing inflammation, Gibson et al., consumption of oligofructose or inulin raised
and other things. Food is regarded as the primary substrate the proportion of Bifidobacterium, demonstrating the impact
that greatly influences the makeup of microorganisms and of prebiotics on intestinal flora(Shumin Wang,2020).
contributes to their proliferation(De Angelus, Garruti,2019).
Prebiotics in the diet may have the ability to influence the
composition of the host’s microbial community in a way
that will benefit the host’s overall health and well-
being(Vallianou, Davani-Davani,2019).
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
A. Prebiotics’ mode of action environment in the gut through interactions with the bacteria
Prebiotics can alter the composition of the bacteria in that live on intestinal epithelial cells, possible pathogens,
the gut, and they can also help the host by changing the and the immune system.
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
Studies were considered if they examined the diversity scientific definitions that have been updated to reflect
and composition of the gut microbiota in relation to developments in the field have helped us comprehend and
prebiotics. According to more recent definitions of appreciate the significance of prebiotics for the health of the
prebiotics, after being processed by gut bacteria, they have a overall gut microbiota.(as shown in Table No.1).
positive physiological effect on the host by altering the
composition or activity of the gut microbiota. Additionally,
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Table 2 : The impact of Prebiotics on Gut bacteria
Prebiotic Model information Impact on gut bacteria
In several investigations, fructans were shown to be decrease in pH, which encourages the growth of the
able to specifically promote lactic acid bacteria. In a gastrointestinal microbiome and prevents or slows the
randomized trial, prebiotics like 4 grams of GOS in juice spread of harmful microorganisms.
were consumed twice daily for three weeks to study the
effects of GOS. It was found that supplementing with GOS An earlier definition of the term “prebiotics” was “a
had a bifidogenic effect and increased the number of non-digestible food ingredient that benefits the host by
bifidobacteria. The production of the byproduct of bacterial promoting the growth and activity of microbes in the gut
fermentation known as butyrate was also seen to be rising. and thereby improves host health.”
In the other trial, fructooligosaccharides were used, Later, this definition was amended to “selectively
and GOS results revealed a rise in bifidobacteria and a fall fermented ingredient” in order to allow for beneficial
in harmful bacteria. A study on the effects of inulin changes in the composition and activity of the GI
supplementation on 10 healthy women over the course of 19 microflora.
days reveals a notable rise in the bifidobacteria that make up
the gut flora. Furthermore, research on both humans and A new definition of “prebiotics” is now being
animals has demonstrated that prebiotics can reduce the developed to better represent the changes in our knowledge
number of dangerous Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. and appreciation of the significance of gut flora as a whole.
According to clinical investigations, prebiotics can also have Recent definitions have advocated for a broader perspective.
an impact on the immune system(Dorna Davani-
Davani,2019). Adults between the ages of 45 and 63 who REFERENCES
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