Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR350

Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching

Programme regarding Basic Life Support among Fire
and Rescue Service Personnel in a selected fire station
A. Priya Mary Stella
P.K. Das College of Nursing

Abstract:- When sophisticated medical care is not I. INTRODUCTION

available, individuals might receive a specific degree of
pre-hospital care known as "Basic Life Support." "We Serve To Save”
understanding basic life support in an emergency can save
lives. The statement of the problem is a study to evaluate There has been an accident! What shall we do? He has
the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme fallen and bleeding severely from the head. His face is blue
regarding Basic Life Support among Fire and Rescue and I'm sure he has stopped breathing. He is cold and clammy,
Service Personnel in a selected fire station. and I couldn't feel his pulse, he may die! What next?

 The objectives of the study were; Every day, somewhere, somebody repeats hundreds of si
 To assess the existing knowledge regarding Basic Life milar words, such as "emergency," "disaster," "gloom," and "d
Support among the Fire and Rescue Service Personnel. espondency."that needs to be carried out? person who understa
 To determine the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching nds the fundamentals of first aid should typically be able to fol
Programme regarding Basic Life Support among Fire low a clear-
and Rescue Service Personnel. cut path.There is no need to fear; there are methods that can pr
 To determine the association between knowledge event someone from passing away, such as cardiopulmonary
regarding Basic Life Support with their selected resuscitation.
demographic variables (Age, Educational Status,
Designation, Working Experience, Previous Knowledge In order to deliver oxygen to the tissues, breathing and
and Source of Previous Knowledge) heart activity are necessary. One of the primary organs
affected by oxygen starvation is the brain, which can begin to
 The conceptual framework adopted for the present study show signs of damage after four minutes and become
was based on Daniel Stuffle Beam's CIPP Model (1971). irreversibly damaged after approximately seven minutes. The
A Quasi-Experimental study was conducted in the heart very swiftly loses its capacity to beat normally.
Fire Station at Coimbatore among 60 Fire and Rescue Following a cardiac arrest, successful CPR allows enough
Service Personnel. The samples were selected randomly by oxygen to reach the brain, delaying brain death and keeps the
adopting the lottery method. The instrument consisted of heart receptive to defibrillation attempts.
structured self administered questionnaire to assess the
knowledge regarding Basic Life Support. The content If CPR is performed fifteen minutes after collapse, it is
validity of the tool was 0.9 and reliability was 0.9 which nearly never successful since irreversible brain damage has
was highly reliable. Structured Teaching Programme was possibly already happened. The general population is
carried out by Lecture cum discussion with demonstration frequently instructed in CPR since they can be the only ones
by using a CPR manikin. After 7 days the same tool was there in the vital few minutes until medical assistance arrives.
used for post test. The results show that the’t’ value of
knowledge was 24.75. It was significant at (p<0.001). The Basic support systems of the body are circulation
Hence the provided Structured Teaching Programme was and respiration, for without there functions life cannot be
very effective and has made way for the Fire and Rescue sustained. To effectively support these systems, Basic Life
Service Personnel to achieve their motto of "We Serve to Support (BLS) procedures have been designed to intervene
Save". when the systems are assessed to need intervention. Basic life
support is a specific level of pre-hospital medical care
Keywords:- Evaluate, Effectiveness, Structured Teaching provided by persons, in the absence of advanced medical care.
Programme, Basic Life Support, Fire and Rescue Service Basic life support consists of a number of life saving
Personnel.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR350

techniques focused on the "ABC's Airway, Breathing, save thousands of lives during rescue operations as well as
Circulation of pre hospital emergency care. transporting the victims to the hospitals.

When a patient is declared to be in cardiac arrest, time Therefore Basic Life Support is viewed as a measure to
matters: if nothing decisive is done within four to six minutes, support a patient until health care providers trained in
the patient will sustain permanent brain damage. If the patient advanced life support techniques can provide more advanced
is to have a chance of survival, immediate intervention is strategies to facilitate the victim's survival.
required. Deadly consequences are frequently avoided with
prompt and efficient CPR. ACLS stands for Advanced Cardiac Therefore the researcher has considered the fire and
Life Support, while BLS is the basic life support. rescue service personnel as a bridge between the victim and
the health care provider and has selected them as the sample.
The rapidity and competence are more important in Basic
Life Support, as the components of CPR are given without the So all the above stated literatures and statistics of the
need for extra equipment. The major goal of this therapy is to lives lost in rescue calls motivated the researcher to conduct a
get the blood flowing again, with oxygen, to the brain. study to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching
Programme regarding Basic Life Support among the Fire and
Adults on Basic Life Support receive 30% of their Rescue Service personnel.
normal cardiac output, which is sufficient blood flow for
physiological needs. It is suggested that non-professionals  Problem Statement
require more extensive and improved training because fewer A Study to evaluate the effectiveness of Structured
than one-third of patients who experience an out-of-hospital Teaching Programme regarding Basic Life Support among
cardiac arrest receive CPR. An estimated 75% of cases of Fire and Rescue Service Personnel in a selected fire station.
sudden cardiac arrest occur at home, according to the Heart
Association.  Objectives of the Study
 To see the existing knowledge regarding Basic Life Suppot
In films and television shows, CPR is frequently shown among the Fire and Rescue Service Personnel
as a very successful method of resuscitation for someone who  To determine the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching
is unconscious and lacks circulation. According to Hallstrom Programme regarding Basic Life Support among Fire and
(1996), 75% of CPR attempts in television programmes were Rescue Service Personnel
successful. Therefore, laypeople can learn BLS after taking a  To determine the association between knowledge
quick course, and it also mentions that certification is required regarding Basic Life Support with their selected
for police and fire personnel. demographic variables (Age, Educational Stanie, Denton,
Working Experience, Previous Knowledge and Source of
The motto of the Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Service Previous Knowledge),
Department is "We Serve To Save" and strive to save life and
property, to rescue people affected by floods, earthquakes or  Hypotheses
other natural calamities and to rush the sick and injured to
hospital. Besides fighting fire and helping to prevent fires, it  H1: The mean post score of knowledge will be
also includes emergency relief and rescue measures to victims significantly higher than the mean pre score of knowledge
not only of fire, but also all types of natural and other regarding Basis Life Support among Fire and Rescue
calamities like floods, cyclones, landslides, building collapses, Service Personnel
explosive accidents, railway accident, major disasters etc.  H2 :There will be a significant association between the
knowledge regarding Basic Life Support among Fire and
The cardiac and respiratory arrest usually occurs due Rescue Service Personnel with their selected demographic
smoke inhalation, toxic gas inhalation, drowning, obstruction variables (Age, Educational Status, Designation, Working
from foreign bodies and penetrating trauma, in all these Experience, Previous Knowledge and Source of Previous
conditions the Fire and Rescue Service Personnel has a greater Knowledge),
exposure in the golden hours of the victims survival and also
in some situations the knowledge on basic life support can II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
helps them to save the life of even their colleagues as quoted
above. At the time of the study an extensive review of related
literature was done, several articles were discussed about the
With the primary motto of the Fire and Rescue Service is various teaching techniques and there was no study particular
to "Save Life" the researcher feels that if they have adequate to the selected population of the study, but few of the
knowledge regarding Basic Life Support, they will be able to

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR350

following are relevant and they are organized into the  Sampling Technique
following areas. The samples were selected for this study by adopting
 Studies related to Fire and Rescue Service. simple random sampling technique Lottery method was used
 Studies related to Effectiveness of Bystander CPR to select 60 samples from the total population. There were
Training. totally 80 firemen in Coimbatore Fire Station, all 80 fall in the
 Studies related to Knowledge, Attitude and Skill of CPR. inclusion criteria. A name list of all 80 fire men was made
 Studies related to Effectiveness of Bystander CPR. after getting the willingness from the firemen. From the name
 Studies related to Effect of CPR on Cardiac Arrest. list lots were prepared and 60 lots were taken without
 Studies related to CPR in Specific Conditions. replacement. The names in the lots were selected as the
sample for the study.
III. METHODOLOGY
 Development of Instrument
 Research Approach After in depth review of literature and consulting with
The Research approach used for this study is a experts, the research instrument was developed in English. A
quantitative approach without control group, by manipulating linguist with expertise in Tamil translated it. The Structured
the variables to assess the effectiveness of the structured self- administered questionnaire was utilized as an instrument
Teaching programme regarding Basic Life Support. to assess firefighters’ knowledge about Basic Life Support.

 Research Design  Description of the Tool

A quasi experimental design has been chosen for this The instrument consists 2 parts;
study. One group pre-test and post-test design without control
group and observations has been made before and after the  Part-1:
teaching programme. Consisted of demographic data of the Fire and Rescue
Service Personnel, (Age, Educational Status, Designation,
Hence the researcher has chosen the quasi experimental Working Experience, Previous Knowledge and Source of
design to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching programme Previous Knowledge regarding Basic Life Support).
among Fire and Rescue Service Personnel regarding Basic
Life Support.  Part-II:
The Self Administered Questionnaire consists of 50
 Variables Multiple Choice Questions to assess the Knowledge regarding
 Independent Variable -Structured Teaching Programme Basic Life Support among the Firemen in the following areas:
regarding Basic Life Support.  Basic concepts of CPR -2 questions
 Dependent Variable-Knowledge regarding Basic Life  Airway -8 questions
Support  Breathing -10 questions
 Foreign Body Obstruction- 5 questions
 Setting of the Study  Circulation -18 questions
The study was conducted in the Tamilnadu Fire and  Recovery position -4 questions
Rescue Service Department Head Office which is situated  Complications -2 questions
opposite to the Coimbatore Railway Station.  Legislation -1 question

 Criteria for Sample Selection  Structured Teaching Programme

It was developed by reviewing the literature and
 Inclusion Criteria obtaining experts opinion. The teaching was held for 1 hour
duration comprised the overall objectives, specific objectives,
Content, Teachers Learners activity, summary and conclusion.
 The firemen who are able to understand Tamil or English
 The firemen those who are present at the time of the study
The content area of the Structured Teaching Programme
included definition, levels of CPR, The ABC's of
 Exclusion Criteria
Resuscitation, Assessing Unresponsiveness, Maintenance of
 The firemen who are not willing to participate in the study.
patent airway, Breathing assessment, Mouth to mouth
 The firemen who underwent training previously regarding
respiration, Management of foreign body obstruction,
Basic Life Support
Assessment of circulation, Chest compressions, Recovery
Position, Reassessment, Complication and Legal
Consideration. The method of teaching program was given by
lecture cum discussion and demonstration. The CPR manikin
was used as the Audio Visual Aid.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR350

 Scoring Procedure firemen in each group and demonstration of the procedure was
Part II: Regarding the multiple choice questions on done. Booklets on Basic Life Support were issued to the study
knowledge regarding Basic Life Support the maximum samples. After giving Structured Teaching Programme and
possible score was 50 and a score of one mark was given for seven days interval, again same self administered
every correct answer and a score of Zero was given for every questionnaire was given to the samples for assessing post- test.
wrong answer. The same duration was given to study samples.

For the purpose of the study, the total score was  Plan for Data Analysis
classified as follows: The demographic variables were organized by using
 Adequate Knowledge ≥75% descriptive measures (Frequency and Percentage). The
 Moderately Adequate Knowledge 51%-74% knowledge was assessed by using descriptive measures like
 Inadequate Knowledge <50% (Mean, Standard deviation and mean difference).

 Validity and Reliability The effectiveness of the structured Teaching programme

was assessed by using paired 't' test.
 Content Validity of the Tool
The content validity of the self administered The association between the knowledge with their
questionnaire has been checked and evaluated by experts selected demographic variables were analyzed by using the
including 5 nursing experts and 2 medical experts, who inferential statistics (chi-square).
validated the tool regarding the adequacy of the content and
the sequence in framing of questions and based on their valid  Protection of Human Rights
suggestions reframing of the instrument was done. The items The Study was conducted after the approval of the
were rated by the experts on four-point scale. The Content Dissertation Committee. The nature and purpose of study was
Validity Index for the total instrument was 0.9 which indicates explained to the Divisional Fire Officer and permission was
good content validity. obtained. Oral consent was obtained from the samples before
starting the data collection in order to get their full
 Reliability of the Tool cooperation. Assurance was given to the samples that
The tool was administered to 10 samples representing the anonymity of each individual will be strictly maintained.
characteristics of the population, the split half technique was
used to calculate the correlation coefficient, for this approach IV. MAJOR STUDY FINDINGS
items on the questionnaire were split into two groups and
scored independently, the split was done by using odd items  Among Fire and Rescue service Personnel, majority fall in
versus even items, the correlation coefficient was calculated. the age group of 25-35 years, and had an educational level
The reliability estimate for the questionnaire was estimated by of higher secondary, and equally were in the grades of
using Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula. The reliability junior and senior firemen and a work experience of more
estimate of the tool was 0.9. than 5 years and had no previous knowledge regarding
Basic Life Support and the source of previous knowledge
 Pilot Study gain was from mass media and none of them gained in
The researcher conducted pilot study among 10 firemen their training period.
working at Kavundamplayan fire station after obtaining  Regarding the knowledge on Basic Life Support among
permission from the District Fire Officer. The pilot study Fire and Rescue Service Personnel, greater strength of
revealed that the study was feasible. Data were analyzed to them had inadequate knowledge in Pre-Test and more than
find the suitability of the statistical methods. half of them acquired adequate knowledge in Post-Test.
 With regard to effectiveness of Structured Teaching
 Data Collection Procedure Programme regarding Basic Life Support among Fire and
The data collection procedures were done for a period of Rescue Service, the result showed that the Structured
9 days for pre-test, Smactured Teaching Programme and post- Teaching Programme was effective among Fire and
test. The permission was obtained from the Divisional Fire Rescue Service Personnel between Pre-Test and Post-Test
Officer, Coimbatore. The samples were informed by the of knowledge. The obtained 't' value of knowledge was
investigator about the purpose and nature of the study and 25.75 which was significant at (p<0.001) level.
their oral consent was obtained. The structured self  With regard to association between knowledge on Basic
administered questionnaire was given to the study samples to Life Support among Fire and Rescue Service Personnel
assess the pre-test. It took 40-45 minutes to collect data from with their selected Demographic variables. The results
the samples. On the next day structured teaching program was revealed that there was a significant association between
given to the firemen. For 20 minutes lecture was given to all knowledge regarding Basic Life Support and previous
the firemen, then they were divided into 3 groups of 20 knowledge among Fire and Rescue Service Personnel and

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ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR350

there was no significant association between the [12]. Lois White. (2005). Foundations of Basic Nursing, (2nd
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