Challenges Faced by Junior High School Students in The Study of Araling Panlipunan and Its Impactto Their Academic Performance: A Foundation For Intervention Initiatives

Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR681
COLEGIO DE SANTA RITA DE SAN CARLOS, INC.

AUGUSTINIAN RECOLLECT SISTERS
Challenges Faced by Junior High School

Students in the Study of Araling Panlipunan and its
Impactto their Academic Performance: A
Foundation for Intervention Initiatives
A thesis presented to
The faculty of the Graduate School of Education of
Colegio de SantaRita de San Carlos, Inc.
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts in Education (MAED) major in Educational Management
Gregorio Joselito C. Baguioro
IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 767

APPROVAL SHEET
This master′s thesis entitled “CHALLENGES FACED BY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE STUDY OF
ARALING PANLIPUNAN AND ITS IMPACT TO THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A FOUNDATION FOR
INTERVENTION INITIATIVES”, prepared and submitted by GREGORIO JOSELITO C. BAGUIORO, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education Major in Educational Management, has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval for the oral examination.
GENEROSA M. NILLAMA, Ed.D.

Adviser
Approved by the Committee of Oral Examination with a grade of_____% on the_____of____________, 2024.
_______________________________
Chairperson
______________________________
Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education Major in Educational
Management.
SR, CLEOFE MARIA J. AGUA, AR

Dean

ABSTRACT
Education is the foundation upon which people can build better lives, achieve their dreams and aspirations in life and
contribute to society. The Philippine government has recognized the importance of education by enshrining the right to
education. Thus, the Department of Education has implemented many integrated schools in far-flung areas so that
students can have access to education and offer junior high school classes for Grades 7,8,9, and 10.
The study explored the challenges faced by the junior high school students along with their study of Araling
Panlipunan subject and how it can help impact their academic performance, a foundation for intervention initiatives.
This study used the descriptive methodologyto obtain sysMtematic information from a phenomenon, situation, and
population. One hundred (100) participants answered the survey questionnaire. Using the statistical treatment, the result
revealed that the computed r was 0.69 having a moderate correlation between two variables, namely; the challenges faced
by junior high school students in Araling Panlipunan and their academic performance. It was further tested using the z-
test. It resulted to a computed value of 6.87 which is greater than the tabular value of 2.284 thereby rejecting the
hypothesis. It was proven that there is a significant relationship between the two variables.
With the study′s findings, an intervention plan was proposed to help the Junior High School Students overcome the
challenges they faced in the study of Araling Panlipunan and attain their full potential. This will be the basis for the
administrators and teachers in formulating intervention initiatives.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The completion of this thesis study could not have been possible without the expertise of Dr. Generosa M. Nillama, my
beloved thesis adviser.
The researcher would also like to thank Dr. Rommel Marcellana, Ms. Cybil Ann A. Ramirez, Sr. Cleofe Maria A. Agua,
A.R. and Sr. Teresita Diana, A.R. for sitting on our panel and taking time to read our thesis.
To Mr. Aristotle Abellar, for sharing his knowledge on statistical tools and treatments.
To Dr. Esterline N. Esman, Mr. Elmer L. Salazar, and Mrs. Estrelita M. Sabijon for validating my survey questionnaires, my
appreciation for your inputs.
Last but not the least, to my family, most especially my loving wife Ana Fe, who supported they thesis all the way, without
you none of this is possible.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………………767
APPROVAL SHEET..………….…………………………………………………………….768
ABSTRACT………..…………………………………………………………………………769
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS….…….……………………………………...……………….....770
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………..771
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION………….……………………………...……………………774
Background of the Study………………………...……………..………..……......…………….774
Related Literature Review………………………………………………..…………...................774
Theoretical Framework…………...…………………………………………..………………….775
Statement of the Problem………………..……………...…………………..……………………776
Statement of Hypothesis…………..…………..…………………………………..……………...777
Significance of the Study……………………………………...………………..…......................777
Scope of the Study………………………………………………………………………………..777
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………....................777
CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY………………………...……………………………………..778

Research Design……………………………………………………………………......................778
Respondents of the Study……………………………………….…………………………………778
Research Instruments……………………………………………………………….......................778
Validation of the Instrument……………………………………….………………………………778
Reliability of the Instrument…………………………….……………………….…………………779
Data Collection Procedure……………………………………………………….….......................779
Statistical Treatment Data……………………………………………………….…………………..779
Ethical Consideration…………………………………………………………….………………….780
CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………….…...........782

Profile of Junior High School Students as to Sex………………………………..………………...…782
CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 787

Summary of Findings………………………………………………………………………………….787
Conclusion……..……...………………...…………………………………………………………….788
Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………………788
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..........789
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………..…..……..790
Appendix A: Permission Letter
Appendix B: Survey Questionnaire
Appendix C: Validation of Survey Questionnaire
Appendix D: Statistical Computations
Appendix E. English Editing Certification
Appendix F: Similarity Report (Turnitin)
Curriculum Vitae

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Distribution of Research Respondents……..……………………………………. 778

Table 2:Challenges Faced by the Junior High School Students……..…….……………….780
Table 3: Academic Performance of the Junior High School Students…………………….780
Table 4: Profile of Junior High School Students as to Sex……..………………………….782
Table 5: Students′ Interest… …………………………………………...………………….782
Table 6: Instructional Materials and Facilities………………………….………………….783
Table 7: Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of the Subject……………………………..784
Table 8: Level of Academic Performance of the Junior High School
Students in Araling Panlipunan……………………………………………………………784
Table 9: Result of the Test on Relationship between the Challenges Faced By the Junior High School Students in Araling
Panlipunan and their Level of Academic Performance..………………………………………………………..…785

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework…………………..………………….……………………. 776

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study

Education in the Philippines is compulsory. It is the foundation upon which people can build better lives, achieve their
aspirations, and contribute to society. The Philippine government has recognized the importance of education by enshrining the
right to education. K to 12(also known as K-12) is an educational system implemented by the Department of Education that
covers Kindergarten and 12 years of Basic Education (six years of Elementary Education, six years of Secondary Education ) to
provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop life-long learners and prepare graduates for tertiary
education.(DepEd 2023).
Secondary education in the Philippines known as ҅ high school ҆ is divided into two: junior high school and the senior high
school. The junior high school consists of students from grades 7 to 10 while the senior high school consists of students from
grades 11 and 12. The core subjects for junior high school consist of the following: Science, Mathematics, English, Filipino, and
Araling Panlipunan. Other subjects included are MAPEH and TLE. In junior high school, a student is expected to have developed
an outcome-based result on his critical and analytical thinking and also his communication skills at this level which is comparable
to international standards. In the Philippines, the landscape in curricular programs has changed to develop competencies among
students set by globalization, internationalization, regional integration, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution,(Alugar & Itaas,
2021).
Based on global observations and findings, these challenges have already existed long before. Many students in Araling
Panlipunan (Social Studies) lack access to well-equipped schools and lack of qualified teachers to teach the subject and lack of
educational resources.
The national, regional and local levels have common observations regarding the challenges faced by students in the study of
Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies). Among them were language barriers where in most case the subject was taught in Filipino or
Tagalog. It was found to be difficult for non-Filipino or Tagalog-speaking regions. Another challenge was the insufficient
textbooks, reference materials, the presence of technology and the shortage of qualified teachers to teach the subject. All these
challenges could lead to difficulties in understanding and low academic performance (Jabbarov, I., 2023)
Since the implementation of the Junior High School at Handalago Integrated School, the teachers have observed that many
junior high school students have challenges met especially in the study of Araling Panlipunan subject. Consequently,they found
out that if these challenges is not properly addressed, then they may bring undesirable impacts to the learner’s academic
performance.
This study titled “Challenges Faced by the Junior High School Students in the Study of Araling Panlipunan Subject and Its
Impact to Their Academic Performance: A Foundation for Intervention Initiatives”, explores and examine the different challenges
faced by junior high school students in interest on the subject, insufficient instructional materials and facilities, and on
pedagogical content and knowledge of Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies) subject that give impact to their learning outcome.
But still there exists a gap in literature regarding this topic, the lack of comprehensive studies focusing specifically in the
impact of insufficient instructional materialsand facilities on the learning outcomes of the students in Araling Panlipunan. Existing
literature might cover broader aspects of educational challenges but did not delve deeply into the specific effects on inadequate
resources on student performance in this subject. Conducting research in this area could provide valuable insights for educators
and policymakers to address these challenges effectively (Hinton, R., Bronwin, R., & Savage, L.,2019)
This study could provide comprehensive training and professional development opportunities for teachers, identify factors
and challenges contributing to students′ disinterest, to policymakers to address issues on resource allocation and teacher training
programs. This is also a new study conducted to junior high school students specifically in Araling Panlipunan subject. Thus the
above content has motivated the researcher to delve into this study.
B. Related Literature Review

Araling Panlipunan is a subject that aims to teach students about Philippine history, culture, and society. However, students'
learning interest in this subject has been consistently low. Studies have shown that many students find Araling Panlipunan to be a
difficult and uninteresting subject. The National Achievement Test (NAT) results from 2016 to 2018 showed that Araling
Panlipunan had the lowest mean percentage score among all the subjects tested (DepEd, 2018).

Lorbis (2019) reported that the intrinsic value of the subject alone may not be enough to capture students' interest. Their
study showed that while the students had high regard for the importance of Araling Panlipunan, they still found them less
interesting compared to other subjects. The low learning interest in Araling Panlipunan is a significant challenge that needs to be
addressed by educators and policymakers (Lorbis, 2019). The current situation with students’learning interests call for innovative
approaches to teaching and learning that can make the subject matter more engaging and relevant to students.
Derraco and Derraco (2022) found that students perceived Araling Panlipunan as a boring subject due to the use of
traditional teaching methods, such as lectures and textbooks. Students had difficulty understanding the subject matter, which
contributed to their low learning interest. Kelley (2021) also claimed that students found the subject to be uninteresting and
irrelevant to their daily lives. Their study revealed that Araling Panlipunan was the third least-liked subject of elementary pupils,
with only 17.6% expressing a liking for the subject.
Ofiaza (2022) found that teaching methods play a crucial role in shaping students' learning interest in Araling Panlipunan.
His study revealed that students view effective teaching methods help in making students more motivated. Interactive teaching
methods have beenfound to increase students' interest and engagement in the subject. These methods promote active learning and
provide students with opportunities to engage with the subject matter in different ways, enhancing their understanding and
appreciation of the subject (Adipat et al., 2021).
The level of engagement generated by the teacher can also affect students' learning interest in Araling Panlipunan. Boredom
arises when the subject matter is presented in a monotonous and repetitive manner or when the teacher fails to make the lessons
engaging and interesting (Ozerk, 2020). Teachers can address this by incorporating creative and interactive teaching methods,
such as storytelling, multimedia presentations, and other innovative approaches, to enhance students' engagement and interest in
the subject (Abdulrahman et al., 2020). Moreover, the classroom environment is another factor that affects students' interest in
Araling Panlipunan. Students who feel comfortable and safe in their classroom environmenttend to have more positive attitudes
toward learning and higher levels of interest (Usma & Madulili, 2019). Therefore, it is important to create a positive and inclusive
classroom environment that promotes learning and encourages students' participation. Furthermore, various factors can affect
students' interest in Araling Panlipunan. These factors include the teacher's teaching method, students' prior knowledge, and
experiences, relevance of the subject to students' lives and future, and classroom environment. Teachers and educators should
consider these factors when designing and implementing effective instructional strategies and learning materials that promote
students' interest and motivation to learn Araling Panlipunan.
Malalay (2021) cited that Filipinos are used to waiting to be told what to do, reliant on others (leaders and government), and
lacking a sense of urgency. If others have already participated in society’s developmental activities, they will no longer engage.
To support the statement, Hernàndez (2021) cited that people will only participate in what interests them. If not, they will not do
anything. Additionally, Winthrop (2020) noted that there is a link between excellent civic education and higher levels of student
involvement in the 2011 Guardian of Democracy: The Civic Mission of Schools report. Thus, there is a high possibility that the
lack of citizens’ civic participation is attributed to inadequate promotion of civic competence, resulting in a lack of civic
knowledge development among them.
In a study by Reyes (2017), the author mentioned that in Junior High School, only Grade 10 Social Studies directly discussed
civics and civic competency. With that, the rest depends on how the social studies teachers in the lower grades would integrate
civic competency in each topic of grades 7, 8, and 9 Social Studies as it is not directed in terms of its disciplinal nature. Since
promoting civic competence is the aim of Social Studies, this is a problem for teachers of Grades 7, 8, and 9 Araling Panlipunan
because it is written implicitly in the curriculum guide, making them difficult to promote it.
Hamilton et al. (2020) cited that social studies teachers in high school are crucial in helping kids develop the civic
knowledge, abilities, and attitudes they will need to succeed once they graduate.
Thus, this problem motivated the researchers to provide an avenue for the grades 7-9 Araling Panlipunan teachers to discuss
their experiences and challenges in promoting civic competence. Moreover, this study could contribute new knowledge that could
assist fellow Social Studies teachers in understanding further the experiences and challenges of grade 7, 8, and 9 Araling
Panlipunan teachers in promoting civic competence among students.
C. Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored in Student Engagement Theory(SET) which provides a holistic model of the learning process and a
multilinker model of adult development. Student Engagement Theory (Tristan de Frondeville, 2009) was a vital proponent of this
study as it delved into the motivating factors that drive students to actively participate in their education. Understanding the
elements that foster student engagement was pivotal especially, in the context of educational goals and planned target. This
theory provides us the tools to explore how students’ levels of engagement may fluctuate in response to the changing
circumstances, offering valuable insights into optimizing educational experiences.

This theory was highly relevant to this study as it suggests that when students are actively involved, interested, and invested
in their learning, they are more likely to perform better academically. In the context of Araling Panlipunan, engaging students
through interactive lessons, relevant content, and varied teaching strategies can help address challenges such as students′ interest,
learning materials and facilities, and pedagogical content and knowledge, ultimately leading to better academic performance.
Fig 1: Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 presents the process of dealing with the data obtained from the survey questionnaire. As reflected, the study was
pursued by two variables, the independent variable, which is the challenges faced by the junior high school students and the
dependent variable, which is their academic performance. The relationship between the two variables was moderated by sex,
ultimately leading to outputs such as academic performance and intervention activities.
D. Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to find out the extent of the challenges faced by junior high school students in the study of Araling
Panlipunan in Handalago Integrated School, Division of San Carlos City, and its impact to their academic performance for the
second grading period of school year 2023-2024.
 Specifically, it Sought to Answer the Following Questions:
 What is the demographic profile of the junior high school students in terms of sex?
 What is the extent of the challenges faced by junior high school students in the study of Araling Panlipunan subject in
Handalago Integrated School, Division of San Carlos City, Negros Occidental during the school year 2023-2024 on the
following:
 Students interest,
 Instructional materials and facilities and
 Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of the subject ?
 What is the level of academic performance of the junior high school students in Araling Panlipunan subject for the second
grading period of school year 2023-2024?
 Is there a significant relationship that exists between the extent of challenges faced by the junior high school students in the
study of Araling Panlipunan and their level of academic performance for the second grading period of school year 2023-2024?
 Based on the findings of the study, what intervention initiatives maybe proposed?

E. Statement of Null Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship that exists between the challenges faced by the junior high school students in the study of
Araling Panlipunan and their level of academic performance in Araling Panlipunan for the second grading period of school year
2023-2024.
F. Significance of the Study

The results of the undertaking will provide some insights and benefits that may be useful to the following:
 Junior High School Education Supervisors. The results of study may give insights on the education supervisors on the
courses of action they will take to address the identified concerns by providing appropriate technical assistance in the
implementation of the junior high school education in the specific grade level.
 Administrators. The findings of the study may provide information regarding the problem encountered by the Junior High
School Students of Handalago Integrated School in the study of Araling Panlipunan.Assuch necessary intervention activities
may be formulated to address said problems and to ensure that teachers could effectively teach the subject.
 Araling Panlipunan Teachers. The results may help them re-evaluate in terms of intervention activities and teaching
approaches and contents they used on students.
 Students. The results of the study may help them realize and appreciate Araling Panlipunan subject and develop their critical
thinking skills.
 Parents. This study may serve as a reference for parents who want to help their children study at home. Being significant
stakeholders, they may also be aware of and actively participate in the educational concerns of their outcomes.
 Future Researchers. The findings of the study may be beneficial to the researcher as it may give them deeper understanding
of the problems encountered by the students in the study of Araling Panlipunan.
G. Scope of the Study

This study focusedon determining the challenges faced by Junior High School students in the study of Araling Panlipunan in
Handalago Integrated School, Division of San Carlos City in the school year 2023-2024 and,their academic performance as basis
for intervention activities. It surveyed the profile of 100 students present in the day when the survey was conducted. It also
looked into the challenges encountered in learning Araling Panlipunan in terms of interest of the subject, instructional materials
and facilities, and pedagogical content and knowledge of the subject. Furthermore, the findings of the challenges encountered in
learning the subject is also assessed as a guide in the formulation of recommendations of activities for intervention purposes.
H. Definition of Terms
For a clear understanding of the study, the following terms have been defined conceptually and/or operationally.
 Academic Performance. It compasses various factors including grades, test scores, and class participation, reflecting the
effectiveness of the teaching and learning process (Liu, Wang, & Hung,2017). In this study, it is the impact of the challenges
faced by the students.
 Challenges.This term has reference to an obstacle, difficulty or, any situation that invites resolution which is recognized as a
contribution toward a known purpose or goal (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2002 Edition). As used in the study, pertains to
the challenges faced by the junior high school students in terms of student’s interest, instructional materials and facilities, and
pedagogical content knowledge of the Araling Panlipunan subject.
 Instructional Materials and Facilities. It is the resources, tools, and aids utilized by educators to facilitate teaching and
enhance student learning experiences within the classroom. These materials can include textbooks, workbooks, worksheets,
audiovisual aids, multimedia presentations, manipulatives, and digital resources among others (Billings & Halstead, 2019). In
this study, it refers to the resources needed to aid teaching and learning.
 Pedagogical Content and Knowledge. It refers to the understanding and expertise that teachers possess about the principles
and practices of teaching and learning. It encompasses a range of instructional strategies, classroom management techniques,
assessment methods, and approaches to supporting student learning (Mishra & Koehler, 2006).In this study, it refers to the
strategies, teaching methodologies design to meet the needs of the students.
 Relation. A logical or natural association between two or more things ( The American Concise Dictionary, 2000 edition). In
this study, it means the possible connection between the problems encountered by the junior high school students in the study
of Araling Panlipunan subject and their academic performance.
 Student’s Interest. Refers to the inclination, curiosity, or enthusiasm that students demonstrate towards particular topics,
subjects, or activities within an educational context. It reflects their intrinsic motivation and engagement with learning
experiences, influencing their level of involvement, attention, and persistence in academic pursuits (Ainley, Hidi & Bernoff,
2002).In this study, it refers to attention given by the students in the study of Araling Panlipunan.

CHAPTER TWO
METHODOLOGY
This chapter introduces the methodology of the study encompassing the research design, respondents of the study, research
instruments, data collection procedures, data analysis techniques, statistical treatment and ethical consideration.
A. Research Design
The descriptive research design was used in this study. It aims to describe characteristics, behaviors, or phenomena as they
naturally occur (Creswell,J.W.,& Creswell, J.D.(2020).
By using this design, narrative inquiry was done first and tackled the key practices in the implementation of educational
concerns. It was particularly well-suited for exploring the educational concerns in Handalago Integrated School. Second, the
quantitative data obtained from the survey questionnaire were tabulated and analyzed. The documentary analysis on the
participants was obtained. The collected data can help on their perceptions, experiences, and attitudes regarding the problems
encountered by the junior high school students in the study of Araling Panlipunan subject in relation to their academic
performance.
The ultimate step in the process entails the integration of the findings derived from the quantitative data of the study. This
integration serves as the cornerstone for the development of a comprehensive learning on the challenges faced by the junior high
school students in Araling Panlipunan in relation to their academic performance to give way for intervention activities by
throughinsights on the data-driven perspectives. This Intervention can be tailored to address help specific needs, challenges, and
opportunities identified.
B. Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the hundred (100) junior high school students of Handalago Integrated School for the
school year 2023-2024. Total Enumeration is used in this research (Garnham et.al 2023).
Table 1: Distribution of Respondents

Grade Level F %
Grade 7 29 29
Grade 8 28 28
Grade 9 20 20
Grade 10 23 23
TOTAL 100 100
Table 1 provided a breakdown of the respondents count for each grade level with twenty-nine(29) junior high school
students representing Grade 7, twenty-seven(28) from Grade 8, twenty(20) from Grade 9, and twenty-three(23) from Grade 10.
The total number of respondents is one hundred(100), thus the total enumeration.
C. Research Instrument
This study used a self-made questionnaire to gather data on the challenges faced by junior high school students in the study
of Araling Panlipunan subject. This questionnaire was in a checklist form having 30 items grouped into10 items for each of the
three (3) challenges which were students′ interest, instructional materials and facilities, and pedagogical content and knowledge of
the subject.
The questionnaire consisted of both closed-ended and Likert-scale with the descriptions and indicators, 5=Strongly Agree,
4=Agree, 3,=Undecided, 2=Disagree,1=Strongly Disagree designed to gather quantitative data on student’s interest, instructional
materials and facilities, and pedagogical content and knowledge.
Documentary analysis on academic records for the second grading period in Araling Panlipunan subject provides objective
about the student’s educational performance and achievement. These were copied from their report card (DepEd Form 138-E)
provided by their respective advisers.
D. Validation of the Research Instrument

To measure and produce data that are true and accurate (Laerd,2022), the instrument passed through validation with three
experts on the subject. These experts carefully examined each item on the survey questionnaire.

 Content Validity Ratio:
CVR = Ne – (N/2) / N/2

= 3 –( 3/2)/ 3/2
= 3- 1.5 / 1.5
= 1.5 / 1.5
CVR = 1.0
E. Reliability of the Instrument

To determine the reliability of the questionnaires, the researcher conducted a dry run. The result was determined through the
use of Cronbach′s Alpha formula:
a=k/ k – 1 (S²y – ƩSi² / Sy²)
The computation result was 0.86 which was interpreted as good, so the items were clear and reliable hence no revision was
done.
F. Data Collection Procedure

Upon the approval of the thesis proposal, the researcher reproduced several copies of the survey questionnaire, circulated and
filled in by the subject-respondents with prior consent from the School Head and the Schools Division Superintendent of the
Division of San Carlos City.
Before the administration, the questionnaire underwent rigorous validation procedures, including expert review and pilot
testing to ensure its validity and reliability. The researcher also asked permission from the respondents and their parents to
conduct data gathering.
To ensure the reliability of the instrument, the researcher personally administered the questionnaire to the subject-
respondents and thoroughly explained how this research would be of value to the concerned students and to the organization in
general.
G. Statistical Treatment of Data

The data to be gathered from the research were processed using the following statistical tools:
For research question number 1, on the profiling as to sex of the junior high school students, the statistical treatment to be
used was the percentage.
 Percentage:
% = f / nx 100
Where:
% = percentage
f = frequency
n= number of cases
For research questions 2 and 3, “ What is the extent of the challenges faced by the junior high school students in the study of
Araling Panlipunan subject in Handalago Integrated School?” and “ What is the level of academic performance of these students
for the second grading period of school year 2023-2024?”
 Weighted Mean
The results was analyzed following the formula.
Weighted Mean
WX̅= S1(W5)+S2(W4)+S3(W3)+S4(W2)+S5(W1)
N
Where:
S= responses
N= number of cases
W= weight assigned to the scale
WX̅ = weighted mean
To interpret the weighted mean value, the following arbitrary tables was used as references.

Table 2: Challenges Faced of the Junior High School Students

Scale Hypothetical Mean Range Interpretation
5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree
3 2.60 – 3.39 Undecided
2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly disagree
Table 3: Academic Performance of the Junior High School Students

Scale Mean Score Percentage Academic Numerical Rating Description
5 4.20 – 5.00 90 – 100 Outstanding
4 3.40 – 4.19 85 – 89 Very Satisfactory
3 2.60 – 3.39 80 – 84 Satisfactory
2 1.80 – 2.59 75 – 79 Fairly Satisfactory
1 1.00 – 1.79 Below 75 Did not meet expectation
For research question number 4 on the significant relationship between problems encountered by the junior high school
students in relation to their academic performance, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ( Pearson r ) and Z-test
were used with the formula:
Pearson r:
r = Pearson r
n= total number of population
Ʃx = Summation of x or variable x
Ʃy = Summation of y or variable y
Ʃxy = Summation of x and y or variable x and y
Ʃx^2=Summation of squared variable x
Ʃy^2 = Summation of squared variable y
To test the significance of r which will become the basis for accepting or rejecting the hypothesis, the Z- test was used with
this formula.
Where:
z= z – test
rxy = Pearson Product Moment
n= number of pair in computing rxy
1 = constant
H. Ethical Consideration
This paper will be submitted to Colegio de Santa Rita de San Carlos, Inc. Graduate School to be assessed as required by the
institution.
To establish transparency and trustworthiness in the conduct of the study, ethical practices will be observed and considered.
Prior to the implementation of the data gathering, the researcher will secure permission from the immediate superiors and the
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent and Principal of the school of the Division of San Carlos City, Negros Occidental,
informing them of the data gathered which are needed in the study.

The participants will be informed of the purpose, procedure, potential risks, and benefits of the study. In addition, they will
be informed that their participation is voluntary and can withdraw anytime without adverse consequences. Furthermore, their
identities will be confidential.
The data gathered will also be held confidential. They must be securely archived or must be deleted using the “delete”
command or drag items to the “trash” folder.

CHAPTER THREE
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the results, analysis and discussion of the study′s findings.
A. Statement of the Problem
 Problem 1: Profile of Junior High School Students as to Sex
Table 4: Profile of Students by Sex
Table 4 presents survey responses related to the demographic profile on sex of the respondents. Out of 100 participants, 77
or 76.25 were males, while 23 or 23.75 were females.This showed that majority of the junior high school students of Handalago
Integrated School, Division of San Carlos City were males. This indicates a significant gender disparity, with much higher
representation of males compared to females. Such a distribution might suggest potential gender-related trends or disparities
within the student population being surveyed. Cultural influences and access to education maybe considered as factors of this
ratio.
Table 5: Students′Interest
N=100

Findings presented that students′ had shown strong agreement in indicators 1,2,3,& 4 in the interest with the subject while in
indicators 6,7,8,9, and 10, students were undecided. The overall weighted mean score of 3.36, described as undecided implies that
there is a need for teachers to integrate interactive teaching methods, and personalized approaches to enhance engagement and
motivation of students. An intrinsic value of the subject alone may not be enough to capture students′ interest (Lorbis 2019).
Table 6: Instructional Materials and Facilities

N= 100
Table 6 presented survey findings that students showed strong agreement in indicators 1 & 2 while in indicator′s 3 to 9,
students were undecided. They disagree on indicator 10. The overall weighted mean was 3.04, shows that the students were
undecided on the challenges they faced as to instructional materials and facilities.This implied that the students needed to access
quality instructional materials and facilities. Basic amenities like clean water, electricity, comfort rooms.Teachers can address this
by incorporating creative and interactive methods such as story-telling, multimedia presentations, and other innovative approaches
to enhance students′ engagement and interest in the subject (Abdulrahman et al., 2020).

Table 7: Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of the Subject

N=100
Table 7 presents the participants′ information on the pedagogical content and knowledge of Araling Panlipunan subject. In
question 2.3, the weighted mean scores of aspects 1, 3, and 5 were 3.40 and 3. 56, which indicated agreement on knowledge to
apply their practical experiences in the lesson, doing the assignments individually, and never experiencedoing/ working on
projects in groups. Majority of the respondents were undecided on the level of knowledge of the challenges met and experience.
The weighted mean score fall in between 2.60 – 3.39. The overall weighted mean score of 3.17, suggested undecided.Teaching
methods play a crucial role in shaping students′ learning interest in Araling Panlipunan (Ofiaza, 2022).
Table 8: Level of Academic Performance of the Junior High School Students in Araling Panlipunan
N= 100
SCALE ACADEMIC NUMERICAL RATING f % Wx̅ I
5 90-100 10 10
4 85-89 35 35 3.28 Satisfactory
3 80-84 28 28
2 76-79 27 27
1 Below 75 0 0
The findings of Table 8, revealed that the academic performance of the junior high school students got a weighted mean of
3.28 with a verbal description of satisfactory. The result indicated average intellectual capabilities among the respondents in the
Araling Panlipunan. This showed that there is still a need to improve the students′ performance through nurturing or improving
their learning environment which may include teaching skills and practices in using instructional materials.

Table 9: Result of the Test on Relationship Between the Challenges Faced by the Junior High School Students in Araling
Panlipunan and their Level of Academic Performance
Z-test
HO rxy I Computed Vakue Tabular Value Decision Remarks
Extent of the Challenges
Faced by Jumior High
Students in the of
Araling Panlipunan and 0.69 Moderately 6.87 2.284 Reject HO Significant
their Level O Academic Correlated
Performance for the
second grading period
os school year 2023-2024
As presented on Table 9, the relationship between the extent of challenges faced by junior high school students in Araling
Panlipunan and their level of academic performance pointed out that the computed r gave a result of 0.69 which means that there
was a moderate correlation between the two variables.
The data showed there was a significant relationship that exists between the challenges faced by junior high school students
and their academic performance. This was proven in the z-test result in which the computed value is 6.87 which was greater than
the tabular value of 2.284, hence the rejection of the hypothesis. This further indicated that there was a significant relationship
between the two variables.

CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
After all the data were analyzed under the light of the problems and the hypothesis, the findings of the study were herein
summarized, and conclusions and pertinent recommendations were given.
A. Summary of Findings
The study “ Challenges Faced by the Junior High School Students in the Study of Araling Panlipunan and Its Impact on
Their Academic Performance: A Foundation for Intervention Initiatives” uses the descriptive methodology.It aims to describe
characteristics, behaviors, or phenomena as they naturally occur (Creswell,J.W.,& Creswell, J.D.(2020).
The respondents of the study were the (100) one hundred junior high school students of Handalago Integrated School during
the school year 2023-2024. The research included four questions uncovering relationships between the challenges faced by the
junior high school students in Araling Panlipunan and their academic performance examining the different perception of the
students and developing an intervention initiatives to increase academic performance and improve practice of students.
 Demographic profile of the junior high school students in terms of sex

Based on the research findings, the majority of the one hundred (100) participants were male having 77 or 76.25 percent
while the rest of the participants were female at 23 or 23.75 percent.
 Students′ of Interest
Based on survey results, students agreed to statements 1 to 4 with a weighted mean between 3.40- 4.19 but were undecided
to statements 5 to 10 with a weighted mean of 2.60- 3.39. The weighted mean of 3.36 implies that many of the of the students
were still undecided in terms of the challenges faced on the students′ interest in the Araling Panlipunan subject.
 Instructional Materials and Facilities

On the first two statements, the participants showed agreement with weighted mean score of 3.68 and 3.44. This means that
the participants felt the need for these facilities. Most of the participants answered they are undecided on statements 3 to 9. They
lightly need these materials but somehow they were still considered as their challenges in the study of the subject. The participants
disagreed in 10th statement as to the unavailability ofwater and CR facilities in school, somehow it does not affect them. The
overall weighted mean score was 3.04 indicated that students were still undecided in the challenges they faced on instructional
materials and facilities.
 Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of the Subject

Based on the survey findings presented, the participants showed agreement on statements 1, 3, and 5 with a weighted mean
score of 3.40, 3.40, and 3.56. This proved that the participants had a great need in these aspects in pedagogical content and
knowledge of the subject. There was a need for them to apply their practical experience, work in groups especially making
projects and answering assignments. Majority of the participants answeredthat they were undecided on many challenges posed to
them. Their weighted mean scores fall between 2.60-3.39. The overall weighted mean score in all aspects was 3.17 which was
interpreted that many of the respondents were still undecided as to the challenges they faced on the pedagogical content and
knowledge of the subject.
 Level of Academic Performance

On the level of academic performance of the junior high school students in Araling Panlipunan subject for the second
grading period of school year 2023-2024. Table 8 reveals that the academic performance of the students got a weighted mean of
3.28 with a verbal description of satisfactory. The result indicated average intellectual capabilities among the respondents in the
Araling Panlipunan, thus there is still a need to improve it.
 Significance between the challenges faced by Junior High School Students in the study of Araling Panlipunan and their Level
of Academic Performance
As to the significant relation between the challenges faced by the junior high school students in the study of Araling
Panlipunan and their Level of academic performance for the second grading of the school year 2023-2024, as shown in Table 9,
there was a significantrelationshipthat existsbetween the two variables as indicated in the z-test result computed value of 6.87
which was greater thanthe tabular value of 2.284 prescribed to be significant hence the hypothesis was rejected.
Proposed intervention initiatives were conceptualized and formulated based on the findings of the study. These activities are
important to facilitate and enhance teaching-learning conditions and help improve the academic progress of the students. The
activities are focused on the socio-emotional development of the students, teacher training, curriculum enhancement, student
support, stake-holders communication, and the sustainability of the activities.

B. Conclusion
The junior high school students of Handalago Integrated School encountered multifaceted challenges in the study of Araling
Panlipunan, spanning from waning interest and limited instructional materials to inadequate facilities and potential gaps
pedagogical knowledge and content delivery. These hurdles collectively contribute a discernible impact on their academic
performance emphasizing the need for comprehensive solutions and targeted interventions to foster a more conducive learning
environment in this crucial subject.
C. Recommendation
Based on the conclusions drawn from the findingsof the study, Challenges Faced by Junior High School Students in the
Study of Araling Panlipunan and its Impact to their Academic Performance: A Foundation for Intervention Initiatives. The
following recommendations maybe offered and considered:
 Administrators.Administrators may implement programs that may help enhance student engagement such as extracurricular
activities, interactive learning approaches,(through cellphones), and mentorship programs to foster a sense of belonging and
interest in learning. He may find ways to fund the resources, like the adopt aschool program, to provide necessary materials
and facilities for the school. Regularly assess in the effectiveness of the interventions.
 Araling Panlipunan Teachers.Continuous professional developmentshould be encouraged among teachers to keep them
abreast on educational initiatives especially
 on teaching strategies and techniques in order to enhance student’s learning. They must build a positive relation with students
to deliver the instructions effectively.
 Junior High School Education Supervisors.They can regularly review, and update the curriculum to ensure it is relevant,
engaging and aligned with the student’s interest.
 Parents. Maintain open and regular communication with the teachers, Hand in hand, parents their children′s academic
challenges and assist their children. Establish a supportive home environment where children can expressed their feelings,
specifically concerning their academic struggles.

REFERENCES
[1]. Abdulrahman, M. D., Faruk, N., Oloyede, A. A., Surajudeen-Bakinde, N.T., Olawoyin, L.A.,Mejabi, O. V., ... & Azeez, A.
L. (2020). Multimedia tools in the teaching and learning processes: A systematic review. Heliyon (Londen), 6(11).eo512.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.eo532.
[2]. Adipat, S., Laksana, K., Busayanon, K., Asawasowan, A., & Adipat, B. (2021). Engaging students in the learning process
with game-based learning: The fundamental concepts. International Journal of Technology in Education (IJTE), 4(3), 542-
552https://doi.org/10.46328/ijte.169
[3]. Ainley, M., Hidi, S., & Berndorff, D. ( 2002). Interest, learning, and the psychological processes that mediate their
relationship. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(3), 545-561 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.94.3.545
[4]. Alugar, R.B & Itaas. E.C.(2021). Exploring the implementatioin of Curriculum Quality Await inPhilippine State
University, International Journal, Curriculum and Instruction 13(1),1-16 doc: 10.369410010.year_2021
[5]. Billings, D.M., & Halsted, J.A. (2019). Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty (6th ed.) Elsevier.Creswell, J.W., &
Creswell, J.D.(2020). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed Methods approaches(5th ed.)
[6]. Derraco, M.C., & Derraco, N. (2022). Relations of Learners’ Attitude and Academic Performance in Online Distance
Learning In Araling Panlipunan. InternationalJournal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis.
[7]. Hamilton, L., Kaufman, J., & Hu, L. (2020). Social Studies Teachers’ Perspectives on Key CivicOutcomes in 2010 and
2019. Civic Development in the Era of TrutIn RAND Corporation eBooks. https://doi.org/10.7249/rra112-4
[8]. Hernandez, C. (2020). The role of citizens in smart cities and urban infrastructures. Separation of citizen participation
topics (1st ed., Vol. 10). Elsevier Inc.https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-00326-6
[9]. Kelley, C. (2021). “Social Studies is Boring”: The Role of Student Attitude and Achievement inthe Middle School Social
Studies Classroom (Doctoral dissertation, OhioDominican University).
[10]. Liu, X., Wang, J., & Huang, M (2017). Academic Performance Prediction for Freshman: A Case Study of Web Mining in
Chinese University. IEEE Access, 5, 15014-15023.
[11]. Lorbis, J. C. C. (2019). Utilization of Contextualized Teaching and Learning (CTL) Approach in Grade Two Araling
Panlipunan. Online Submission.
[12]. Malalay, R. (2021). The Strengths and Weaknesses of The Filipino Character: A Socio Cultural Issue. Scribd.
https://www.scribd.com/document/524169391/437995799
[13]. Mishra, P., & Koehler, M.J.(2006). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher
Knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6) 1017-1054
[14]. Ofiaza, E. S. (2023). The Effect of Teacher’s Teaching Style in Araling Panlipunan on Student’s Motivation of Grade 8
Students in Sta. Cruz South High School. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education
Research, 4(3), 845-852. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.03.17
[15]. Özerk, G. (2020). Academic Boredom: An Underestimated Challenge in Schools. International electronic journal of
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[17]. Rodriguez, Jonathan M. “ Students Learning Practice And Academic Achievemnet In Technology and Livelihood
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[18]. Usman, Y. D., & Madudili, C. G. (2019). Evaluation of the Effect of Learning Environment on Students' Academic
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https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-need-for-civic-education-in-21st-century-schools

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Letter of Permission to the Schools Division Superintendent

 Letter of Permission to School Head

ASSENT FORM

APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Challenges Faced by Junior High School Students in the Study of Araling Panlipunan and its
Impact to their Academic Performance: A Basis For Intervention Initiatives
A. Part I. Personal Information
 Please provide the needed information accurately.

 Name: (Optional)
 School:
 Year Level:
B. Part II. Challenges Aced by Junior High School Students

Directions: Here are some challenges which you might have experienced or experiencing high school student. Please check
(/) the column that corresponds to your best perception on the challenge/ situation. Please be guided by the following scaling
description:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)

4 – Agree(A)
3 – Undecided(U)
2 – Disagree(D)
1 – Strongly disagree(SD)
C. Students’ Interest
Items Challenges SA A U D SD
5 4 3 2 1
1 I feel passive in class recitation
2 I dislike participating in class discussion
3 I am poorly aware of the goals, purposes and objectives of the junior
high school
4 I have insufficient knowledge of the rationale why junior high school is
implemented
5 I am enable to relate my personal experiences for long retention in
learning
6 I feel uncomfortable working my assignments Alone
7 I am unable to use learning material effectively
8 I dislike making projects on time
9 I cannot easily adjust to the new ways of lesson
Presentation
10 I am unable to meet the standard of the performance assessment
D. Instructional Materials and Facilities
5 4 3 2 1
1 Unavailability of computers in school
2 No projector and other related ICT materials that will aid students learning
3 Lack of textbook and other reference materials in Araling Panlipunan
4 Inadequate resources from the community to help student learning
5 No school library for students to access on reading materials
6 No available materials to use for students’ projects
7 No resource reading materials available to be used for research works
8 Modules are not given on time
9 No resource person to talk on specific topic
10 No water and CR facilities in the school

E. Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of the Subject
5 4 3 2 1
As a student…
1 … I cannot apply my practical experiences to the lesson
2 … I have no appropriate technology – assisted instruction before
3 … Assignments are mostly done individually
4 … I cannot learn more due to inappropriate strategies and techniques
5 … I never experience doing/ working on projects with my classmates in groups
6 Assessment tools to rate students’ performance are not widely used
7 Unavailability of community resources to be used

8 No team teaching is practiced to bring about effective teaching
9 No qualified resource person to be tapped as resource speaker
10 No available person to share his expertise on the subject matter

APPENDIX C
VALIDATION SHEET FOR SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE



APPENDIX D
STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS
 Sample Computation in Finding the Percentage

% = f / N x 100
= 10 / 100 x 100
= 0.10 x 100
% = 10
Sample Computation on finding the weighted mean

SCALE ACADEMIC NUMERICAL RATING f % Wx̅ I
5 90-100 10 10
4 85-89 35 35 3.28 Satisfactory
3 80-84 28 28
2 76-79 27 27
1 Below 75 0 0
Wx̅ =S1(W1)+ S2(W2) + S3(W3) + S4(W4)+ S5(W)

N
=10(5)+35(4)+28(3)+27(2)+0(1)
100
= 50 +140+84+54+0
100
= 328
100
Wx̅
= 3.28

APPENDIX E

APPENDIX F
SIMILARITY REPORT (TURNITIN)

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR681

COLEGIO DE SANTA RITA DE SAN CARLOS, INC.

Challenges Faced by Junior High School

Gregorio Joselito C. Baguioro

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 767

GENEROSA M. NILLAMA, Ed.D.

SR, CLEOFE MARIA J. AGUA, AR

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 768

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 769

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 770

CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY………………………...……………………………………..778

CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………….…...........782

CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 787

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 771

Table 1: Distribution of Research Respondents……..……………………………………. 778

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 772

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework…………………..………………….……………………. 776

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 773

A. Background of the Study

B. Related Literature Review

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 774

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 775

Fig 1: Conceptual Framework

D. Statement of the Problem

 Specifically, it Sought to Answer the Following Questions:

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 776

E. Statement of Null Hypothesis

F. Significance of the Study

G. Scope of the Study

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 777

B. Respondents of the Study

Table 1: Distribution of Respondents

D. Validation of the Research Instrument

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 778

 Content Validity Ratio:

CVR = Ne – (N/2) / N/2

E. Reliability of the Instrument

a=k/ k – 1 (S²y – ƩSi² / Sy²)

F. Data Collection Procedure

G. Statistical Treatment of Data

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Table 2: Challenges Faced of the Junior High School Students

Table 3: Academic Performance of the Junior High School Students

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 780

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 781

A. Statement of the Problem

 Problem 1: Profile of Junior High School Students as to Sex

Table 4: Profile of Students by Sex

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Table 6: Instructional Materials and Facilities

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Table 7: Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of the Subject

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 Demographic profile of the junior high school students in terms of sex

 Instructional Materials and Facilities

 Pedagogical Content and Knowledge of the Subject

 Level of Academic Performance

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 786

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 787

IJISRT24APR681 www.ijisrt.com 788

Letter of Permission to the Schools Division Superintendent