The Principles and Practice of Photography Familiarly Explained ... |
Common terms and phrases
60 grains actinic ALBUMENIZED PAPER allow aperture back lens blue boiled rain water bottle carefully cause fog chamois leather Chloride of Gold Citric acid clean water COLLODIO-ALBUMEN collodion film COLLODION PROCESS COMMON TO GLASS copied cyanide dark room dark slide DEFECTS COMMON dense developing solution diaphragms dish distilled water drain edge enlarged exposed exposure filter fixing solution fluid ounces focus gallic acid Glacial acetic acid ground-glass Gutta-percha half heat high lights Hyposulphite of soda immerse inches iodide IODIZED ALBUMEN SOLUTION kaolin keep Landscape latter lenses litmus paper Negative Collodion nitrate bath nitrate of silver obtained opaque operations over-exposed picture plain Plate-cleaning portrait lens Positive Collodion prepared prints produce Pyrogallic acid quantity ready remedy remove shadows silver bath silver solution SOLAR CAMERA stops sufficient surface TAKE GLASS POSITIVES TAKE NEGATIVES tint toning transparent usual white light yellow film yellow window
Popular passages
Page 60 - ... screwed into the tube the curved side will be to the sitter. The two glasses forming the back lens are very unlike each other; one is thick at the centre and thin at the edge, the other thick at the edge and thin at the centre ; put the thinedged one first into the cell, resting on the least curved side; next put in the ring, and then the thick-edged glass, concave side towards the other lens ; fix them in their places with the part provided, and screw the cell in its place. With many portrait...
Page 60 - combination, wherein a third pair of lenses is added, or such a combination as to diminish the distortion or obliquity of the rays which pass from the front pair, thus making it the most desirable form for landscape work, 114. These three combinations give us, then, for the two great classes like the outer ones — the case is very different, for they may be variously transposed, and thus rendered incapable of producing good pictures. There is a risk, also, of breaking one of the glasses of the...
Page 60 - In a portrait combination there are four lenses in all, the so-called front and back lenses being really each formed of a pair. The front ones are always cemented together, and may thus be easily taken for one lens ; the back pair are distinct, and are usually separated from each other by a narrow ring. To place them in their proper positions, proceed as follows: Take the front lens, the pair cemented together, and observe that one surface is considerably curved, and the other almost flat ; place...
Page 60 - ... the pair cemented together — and observe that one surface is considerably curved, and the other almost flat; place the lens in its cell, so that when screwed into the tube the curved side will be to the sitter. The two glasses forming the back lens are very unlike each other ; one is thick at the centre and thin at the edge, the other thick at the edge and thin at the centre; put the thin-edged one first into the cell, resting on the least curved side ; next put in the ring, and then the thick-edged...
Page 16 - ... wet, and at the end of the day to wash the glasses and put them away clean. By thus not allowing the films to dry on the glasses they are much easier cleaned, and fewer failures will arise from dirty glasses. Collodion is a good material for cleaning glasses when they are not very dirty. Pour a few drops on the glass and well rub it with a clean cloth, and you will entirely remove all grease ; a hint may thus be taken bow to use up waste collodion.
Page 16 - This amount of cleaning will generally be sufficient for new glasses, bnt when they have been used they require more labour. They must then be well washed under the tap, to get rid of all collodion and chemicals, and be wiped on cloths kept expressly for the purpose. Should the plates have been varnished they must be soaked for some hours in a saturated solution of washing soda till the varnish and film come freely off.
Page 30 - ... the number of grains of nitrate of silver contained in each ounce of the solution. There must be sufficient liquid to prevent the nrgentometer resting on the bottom of the jar. For strengthening a bath t...
Page 4 - Strictly speaking, then, it is not LIGHT — the illuminating agency — that is the cause of photographic action, but an active principle associated with it, and which is connected principally with the weakest illuminating and even invisible rays. This PHOTOGRAPHING-POWER then, that is associated with Light, but which is not Light, is termed ACTINISM.
Page 48 - These defects nearly always arise from bad manipulation, handling the paper with dirty fingers ; allowing solutions to splash ; putting the paper on a dirty table ; dust and dirt in the printing-frame or on the pads used in the latter, or similar causes ; or they may occur from bad paper.
Page 15 - The description of glass known as " flatted crown" is well suited for positives, but before using it requires careful cleaning. The sharp edges should be first removed with a " corundum" file, or by drawing the sharp edge of one piece over the sharp edge of another ; then place the glass on a clean flat surface, or put it in " a plate-cleaning holder," and pour a few drops of the plate-cleaning solution in the middle.